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2: SBL Exam 1 > 7: RBCs And Bleeding Disorders > Flashcards

7: RBCs And Bleeding Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What does hematocrit measure?

A

% of whole blood volume occupied by RBCs

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2
Q

What does low vs high MCV mean?

A

Microcytic vs macrocytic anemia

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3
Q

What does low MCH mean?

A

Hypochromic RBCs

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4
Q

Reticulocytes appearance on histo slides

A

Polychromatic with purple-grey tinge in larger cells; supravital stain highlights presence of RNA in immature cells

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5
Q

Anisocytosis

A

Increased RDW -RBCs are different sizes

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6
Q

Why is chronic blood loss anemia a subtle presentation?

A

Gradual blood loss causes compensation over time

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7
Q

Two common themes in hemolytic anemia

A
  1. Peripheral destruction of RBCs

2. BM attempts to compensate

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8
Q

How to test for HS

A

Direct membrane tests (EMA and OFT)

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9
Q

What can parvovirus cause in pts with HS

A

Aplastic crisis (can happen in any condition with over dependence on erythropoeisis)

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10
Q

What infection has a common distribution with G6PD deficiency genes

A

Plasmodium falciparum

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11
Q

Sickle cell trait

A

Heterozygous for the sickle cell gene -> minor sx

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12
Q

Lab thing to dx sickle cell anemia

A

Hb electrophoresis

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13
Q

Histo of cells with SC disease (sickle cell trait)

A

Target cells, not really true sickle cells

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14
Q

Poikilocytes

A

Abnormally shaped cells

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15
Q

Three ways to treat sickle cell

A
  1. Hydroxyurea: increases Hb F
  2. Supportive care
  3. CRISPR
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16
Q

What other anemia is confused with B-thalassemia minor

A

Iron deficiency anemia

17
Q

How to treat paroxysmal nocturnal Hemoglobinuria + the mechanism

A

Eculizamab: blocks C5 -> C5a -> no MAC

18
Q

Downside of Eculizamab treatment for PNH

A

Immune deficiency -> Neisseria infections

19
Q

Three stages of Fe deficiency + how much Ferritin in serum + sx

A
  1. Reduced ferritin: ferritin <50 -> sx start
  2. Iron deficiency: ferritin <30, sx accelerate
  3. Iron Deficiency Anemia: Fe <12 mcg/L -> classic anemia sx
20
Q

Two drugs that commonly cause aplastic anemia

A
  1. Chemotherapy (intentionally)

2. Chlorampheticol (accidentally)

21
Q

Labs to assess for vessel wall abnormalities

A

Not any really

22
Q

Examples of vessel wall disorders

A
  1. Senile purpura (loss of CT around vessels)
  2. Infection
  3. Drug rxn
  4. Scurvy/Ehler’s Danlos
  5. Excess corticosteroid (Cushing)
  6. Henoch-schonlein purpura
  7. Heridary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
  8. Perivascular amyloid
23
Q

Perivascular amyloid in myeloma

A

Perivascular myeloid deposition -> raccoon eyes

24
Q

Value that is technically thrombocytopenia vs when sx occur vs when dangerous spontaneous bleeds occur

A
  1. Technically: <150,000/uL
  2. Sx at: <50,000/uL
  3. dangerous bleeds: <20,000/uL
25
Q

Three drugs that cause drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia

A

Quinidine, vancomycin, heparin

26
Q

HITT mechanism

A

PF4-Heparin induces an Ab-mediated immune response against platelets

27
Q

Three ways to treat ITP

A
  1. Corticosteroids
  2. IV Ig
  3. Rituximab: anti-CD20
28
Q

What does MAHA stand for?

A

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

29
Q

TTP therapy + its two mechanisms

A

Plasma exchange therapy: takes away multimers and Abs + provides ADAMTS

30
Q

HUS: supportive therapy is sufficient or not?

A

Yes - it often leads to fill remission

31
Q

Five types of bleeding disorders due to defective platelet function

A
  1. Bernard Soulier: no adhesion
  2. Glanzmann thrombasthenia: no aggregation
  3. storage pool disorders: no granule release
  4. Aspirin-induced
  5. Uremia-induced
32
Q

Presentation of a platelet disorder vs a coagulation disorder

A
  1. Platelet: mucosal bleeding, petechiae, small superficial bruises, bleeding after minor cuts
  2. Coagulation: deep soft tissue bleeds, large deep bruises, hemarthroses, delayed bleeds after cuts
33
Q

Three ways to avoid infected blood products from donors?

A
  1. Donor screening: HIV, hep
  2. Test blood products: many different viruses
  3. Store properly
34
Q

Why is it not that risky to not test blood products for bacterial infection?

A

If pt has bacterial infection in blood, they likely dont feel well enough to come donate blood

35
Q

How to prevent anaphylaxis in a pt being transfused who has IgA deficiency

A

Red cell washing

2: SBL Exam 1 (10 decks)

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