7) Qualitative Research Flashcards
Aim of qualitative research
- describe and analyze the culture and behavior of humans and their groupd from the point of view of those being studied
- describe, understand and explore a central phenomenon
- explore phenomenon and generate hypothesis
- describe and explain associations
Strengths of qualitative research
- know about “how”
- gain a deep understanding of an issue
- generate new theories or hypothesis about a phenomenon
- explain a behavior or observation
- describe a complex phenomena
- explore the experience and interpretation of events
- give people a voice
Limitations of qualitative research
- does not assess frequency
- cannot produce generalizable results
- difficult to replicate
- lack of transparency
- inevitably subjective
- researcher is implicated in the process and findings
- respondent dependent
Grounded theory
- systematic and iterative data colleciton and constant comparative analysis to develop conceptual frameworks or theories about social process
- inductive process
- coding and grouping concepts
- identifyign relationships between concepts and themes
Phenomenology
- philosophy based on reflective inquiry and description of the lived experience in a give context
- identify and describe participants perception of daily life without reference to theories or scientific assumptions
- emphasized as explanations for actions
Ethnography
- process of describing and interpreting the behaviors and actions of social froups or cultures usually through interviews and observcation
- focused on a defined population
- close and detailed fieldwork involving multiple methods of data collection to generate descriptive data
- aims to develop theories from field study
Participant selection: purposive
Intentionallly recruit a sample who can provide diverse, comprehensive and relevant information
Participant selection: theoretical
- used in grounded theory, where participants are selected to test theory emerging in concurrent analysis
Participant selection: snowball
- identify subsequent respondents by asking participants to identify individuals who can give important and relevant insight on research
Participant selection: convenience
Select participants who are easily accessible and willing to participate
Principles of data analysis
- aligns with the topic and scope of the research question
- consider audience: Done concurrently with data collection
- generally inductive
- Researcher is an active participant
Thematic analysis
Used to conduct an analysis that is systematically grounded in the data collection
Not a methodology/theoretical framework
- constant comparison within and across sources
Content analysis
- deductive: code cata into codes identified and defined apriori
- used when a meaningful denominator exists for reporting proportions
- inter-rater reliability
Grounded theory analysis
1) open coding: generate preliminary initial concepts
2) Axial coding: review, develop, link, group concepts
3) selective coding: organising and formalising relationships, develop theoretical frameworks
Reporting and rigour
- Reliability
- Validity
- Credibility: well rounded, reliable and sensitive explanations
- dependability: clarity about how the data was collected and analysed
- transferibility: outside implications
- confirmability: accurately reflects participants perspective
