7. Plant Life - Photosynthesis

Question 1

life processes

Answer 1

all living organisms perform some basic functions called life processes to keep themselves alive

Question 2

4 examples of life processes

Answer 2

reproduction
nutrition
excretion
growth

Question 3

nutrition

Answer 3

the food we eat provides us with energy to carry out various body functions through a life process

Question 4

two types of nutrition

Answer 4

autotrophic

heterotrophich

Question 5

organisms that show autotrophic nutrition

Answer 5

autotrophs/ producers

Question 6

organisms that show heterotrophic nutrition

Answer 6

heterotrophs

Question 7

photosynthesis

Answer 7

the process by which green plants use energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars (glucose) in the presence of chlorophyll

Question 8

chemical reaction for photosynthesis

Answer 8

6CO2 + 6H2O - (sunlight/chlorophyll) C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 9

raw materials required for photosynthesis

Answer 9

carbon dioxide

water

light

chlorophyll

Question 10

where is chlorophyll present?

Answer 10

in the green colored plastids called chloroplasts

Question 11

what are stomata

Answer 11

small openings/pores on the surface of leaves which assist in exchange of gases

Question 12

kidney shaped cells that surround each stoma

Answer 12

Guard cells

Question 13

which stain gives color to epidermis for better observation

Answer 13

safranin stain

Question 14

what is glycerine used for when studying stomata from epidermal layer of skin and how does one drain out excess glycerine

Answer 14

some drops of glycerine are poured onto the peel of the epidermis so it does not quicky

drain out excess glycerine using blotting paper

Question 15

why are leaves the most suitable organs of the plant to carry out photosynthesis (4)

Answer 15

• leaves are well arranged with a broad, flat and wide surface to take in maximum sunlight
• leaves have stomata which help in exchange of gases b/w the leaf and the atmosphere
• leaves contain chlorophyll which is essential for photosynthesis
• leaves have special cells called photosynthetic/mesophyll cells that contain the highest no. of chloroplasts

Question 16

special cells of the leaf which contain the highest number of green colored plastids called chlorophyll

Answer 16

photosynthetic/ mesophyll cells

Question 17

thylakoids

Answer 17

closely packed flattened sacs present in the interior of a chloroplast

Question 18

grana (granum)

Answer 18

thylakoids arranged in piles

Question 19

stroma

Answer 19

gel - like substance in which the grana are suspended in

Question 20

grana are connected to each other via

Answer 20

stroma lamellae

Question 21

transport system in plants

Answer 21

vascular system

Question 22

the two tissues present in vascular system

Answer 22

xylem and phloem

Question 23

reaction which takes place in thylakoids

Answer 23

light is absorbed by chlorophyll which starts the process of using CO2 and H2O to make glucose

Question 24

reaction which takes place in stroma

Answer 24

hydrogen ions combine with CO2 to form simple sugars aka glucoses

Question 25

complex sugars

Answer 25

sucrose and fructose

Question 26

starch

Answer 26

substance that exists in large amounts in many plants

Question 27

how is starch tested

Answer 27

using iodine solution

if starch is present, item turns blue - black

Question 28

which alcohol is used when testing leaves and why

Answer 28

ethanol

to dissolve the chlorophyll (so that colour change is clear to see when iodine solution is added)

Question 29

factors affecting photosynthesis

Answer 29

Chlorophyll

Light

Carbon Dioxide

Temperature (20 - 40 degrees is optimum temp)

Water (otherwise how will stomata open)