7) Medically important bacteria and antibacterials Flashcards
Name)
Gram positive cocci
Genus )
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
What disease ?
Acute pyogenic inflammations, septicemia
Name bacteria )
Gram positive bacilli
Gunns)
Corynebacterium ……
Actinomyces ………
Diphtheria
Actinomycosis
Name bacteria ) Acid fast bacilli
Genus ) Mycobacterium
What disease ?
Tuberculosis
Name bacteria ?
Spore forming , Gram positive bacilli
Genus ?
Bacillus ……
Clostridium…………
What disease
Anthrax
Tetanus
Name bacteria?
Gram negative cocci
Genus ? Neisseria
What disease ?
Meningitis
Name bacteria ?
Oxidase negative, Gram negative bacilli {enteric bacteria]
Genus ?
E. coli ………
Salmonella………
Shigella ………
What disease ?
Urinary tract infection
Typhoid
Dysentery
Oxidase positive . Gram negative bacilli
Pseudomonas
Vibrio
Nosocomial infections
Cholera
Obligate intracellular bacteria
Chlamydia
Rickettsia
Trachoma, STD
Typhus
Spirochetes
Treponema
What disease ?
Syphilis
Cell wall-deficient bacteria ?
❤️❤️
Mycoplasm ,
Ureaplasma
What disease ?
Pneumonia, STD
compounds include antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and antiprotozoal agents aims to treat infection with a drug to which the causative organism is sensitive
Antimicrobial
compounds include antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and antiprotozoal agents aims to treat infection with a drug to which the causative organism is sensitive
Antimicrobial
Sourc e of antibiotics ?
Fungi
Bacteria
Example Fungi ?
Penicillium and
cephalosporium
Beta-lactam antibiotics ?
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Example for Actinomycets Bacteria ?
Streptomyces
Examples of Aminoglycosides ?
1-Streptomycin
2- Erythromycin
3- Tetracycline
ستر يري ترا
Example Bacteria Endospore forming ?
Bacillus
Examples drugs for Bacillus ?❤️
Polymyxin
Bacitracin
بولي باس
Types of Antimicrobials therapy ?
1) Empirical antibiotic therapy
2) Rational antibiotic therapy
Antimicrobials administered on a …
Best - guess
Antimicrobials administered
on a ‘best-guess’
Empirical antibiotic therapy knowledge of the :
1)
Sourc e of antibiotics ?
Fungi
Bacteria
In which Rational antibiotics therapy are administered ❤️
after the sensitivity of the pathogen
In which Rational antibiotics therapy are administered ❤️
after the sensitivity of the pathogen
How Choice of drug in Antimicrobials therapy ?
1) Nature of the infecting organisms
2) Their sensitivity patterns
How Choice of drug in Antimicrobials therapy ?
1) Nature of the infecting organisms
2) Their sensitivity patterns
in a clinical emergency such as
1) septicemia
2) Ludwig’s angina
antimicrobial agents must be prescribed =
empirically
until
laboratory tests are complete
another antimicrobial drug should be prescribed if the patient has had
(penicillin )within the previous month
because of the possible presence of
penicillin-resistant bacterial
Antimicrobial prophylaxis ?
عددي مقالي ممكن
1) colonization
2) Implantation
3) Latent infection
4) sergery
Eradication of the *colonization * of the host by
virulent agents
What examples ?
Rifampicin ( دواء مضاد حيوي)
To patients لمرضى ايش ؟
Meningococcal meningitis
Antimicrobial prophylaxis ?
عددي مقالي ممكن
1) colonization
2) Implantation
3) Latent infection
4) sergery
Eradication of the *colonization * of the host by
virulent agents
What examples ?
Rifampicin ( دواء مضاد حيوي)
To patients لمرضى ايش ؟
Meningococcal meningitis
Prevention of *implantation *and/or implanted organisms reaching a critical mass sufficient to produce infection
What is example ?
Antimicrobial prophylaxis
(الوقاية بمضادات الميكروبات )
مين هم المرضى ؟
in ( infective endocarditis patients ) before surgical procedures
Prevention of the emergence of latent infection, e.g.
antifungal agents
اسم المضاد ؟
given to prevent candidal infection
in HIV-infected patients)
في المرضى ؟
in a clinical emergency such as
1) septicemia
2) Ludwig’s angina
antimicrobial agents must be prescribed =
empirically
until
laboratory tests are complete
another antimicrobial drug should be prescribed if the patient has had
(penicillin )within the previous month
because of the possible presence of
penicillin-resistant bacterial
Prevention of the emergence of latent infection, e.g.
antifungal agents given to prevent candidal infection
in HIV-infected patients)
Before surgical treatment in patients who are =
Antimicrobial prophylaxis الموضوع
1- At risk of infective endocarditis
2- Immunocompromised
3- Received radiotherapy
4- prosthetic hip replacements , insertion of implants or bone grafting
مذاكرة بترجمة
Before surgical treatment in patients who are =
Antimicrobial prophylaxis الموضوع
1- At risk of infective endocarditis
2- Immunocompromised
3- Received radiotherapy
4- prosthetic hip replacements , insertion of implants or bone grafting
An ideal chemotherapeutic drug ?
1) selective tixicity
2) Inhibitions and killing
Toxicity against …………
But not against ………
Pathogen
Host
Why ?
Selective toxicity is much more difficult to achieve
With
Antifungal agents
Because ……………
The eukaryotic fungal cells
Share similar features
With
Human eukaryotic cells
All antimicrobials have adverse effects on humans and should therefore be used
rationally
لازم استخدام بعقلانية
after the sensitivity of the pathogen 1
بعد حساسية المرض
and only when required 2
Types of Inhibitions and killing ?
Bactericides * Microbicidal*
Bacteriostatic
Kills microbes
Bactericidal
Or
Microbicidal
Stops growth of microorganisms without killing them
Bacteriostatic
All antimicrobials have adverse effects on humans and should therefore be used
rationally
لازم استخدام بعقلانية
after the sensitivity of the pathogen 1
بعد حساسية المرض
and only when required 2
Types of Inhibitions and killing ?
Bactericides * Microbicidal*
Bacteriostatic
Kills microbes
Bactericidal
Or
Microbicidal
Stops growth of microorganisms without killing them
Bacteriostatic
