7) Long and short term effects of exercise

Question 1

Cardiovascular system short term

Answer 1

Increase in stroke volume (SV)
increase in heart rate (HR)
increase in cardiac output (Q)
increase in blood pressure (BP)
redistribution of blood flow

Question 2

Respiratory system short term

Answer 2

Increase in breathing rate (BR)
increase in tidal volume (TV)
increase in minute ventilation (VE)

Question 3

Cardio-respiratory system short term

Answer 3

Increase in oxygen uptake
Increase in transport to the working muscles
increase in carbon dioxide removal

Question 4

Energy system short term

Answer 4

Increase in lactic acid (lactate) production

Question 5

Muscular system short term

Answer 5

Increase in temperature of muscles
increased pliability (elasticity)
muscle fatigue

Question 6

Cardiovascular system long term

Answer 6

Cardiac hypertrophy
increased stroke volume (SV) at rest and during exercise
decrease in resting heart rate (HR)
increase in cardiac output (Q)
capillarisation at the lungs and muscles
increase in number of red blood cells

Aerobic

Question 7

Respiratory system long term

Answer 7

Increased vital capacity
increase in minute ventilation (VE)
increase in tidal volume (TV)
decrease in breathing rate (BR)
increased number of functioning alveoli
Increased strength of the respiratory muscles

Aerobic

Question 8

Energy system long term

Answer 8

Increased production of energy from the aerobic energy system
increased tolerance to lactic acid

Aerobic / anaerobic

Question 9

Muscular system long term

Answer 9

Muscle hypertrophy
increased strength of tendons
increased strength of ligaments

Resistance training

Question 10

Skeletal system long term

Answer 10

Increase in bone density

Resistance training