4) Cardiovascular system Flashcards
Structure of the heart
The right-hand side of the heart is responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
The left-hand side pumps oxygenated blood around the body.
Blood vessels leading into and out of the heart
The aorta = artery. oxygenated blood Left ventricle
The vena= vein. deoxygenated blood
The pulmonary artery deoxygenated blood
right ventricle to the lungs.
The pulmonary vein oxygenated blood from the lungs
Functions of the cardiovascular system
transport and deliver oxygen, nutrients and hormones to the body
remove waste products such as carbon dioxide and lactic acid
protection against disease and infection
maintain body temperature
Tricuspid valve
located between the right atrium and right ventricle
It opens due to a build-up of pressure in the right atrium
Bicuspid valve
located between the left atrium and left ventricle
opens due to a build-up of pressure, this time in the left atrium.
Semilunar valves
Stop the back flow of blood into the heart.
1st where the aorta leaves the left ventricle
2nd where the pulmonary artery leaves the right ventricle.
Maintaining body temperature
In the heat, blood vessels close to the surface of the skin enlarge. This process is called vasodilation. This allows more heat to be lost from the blood.
Blood pressure
systolic value – blood pressure while the heart is squeezing
diastolic value – blood pressure while the heart is relaxing
Cardiac values
Heart rate (HR) is the number of times the heart beats in one minute.
Stroke volume (SV) is the volume of blood pumped out of the heart with every beat.
Cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate
Q = SV × HR
Change to stroke volume during exercise
Stroke volume increases which means more blood is pumped out of the heart each time it contracts.
Changes to cardiac output during exercise
During exercise it can increases as both their heart rate and stroke volume increase.
Changes to blood pressure during exercise
As exercise increases, cardiac output (Q) also increases. This has the effect of increasing blood pressure.
