2) Muscular system Flashcards
Muscle types
1) smooth muscle – internal organs and blood vessels - involuntary
2) cardiac muscle – only in the heart - involuntary
3) skeletal muscle – attached to skeleton - voluntary
Involuntary muscles are not under our conscious control
Voluntary muscles are under our conscious control
Slow twitch fibre
Slow twitch, also known as type I - oxidative
Speed of contraction | Slow Force produced | Low Resistance to fatigue | High Colour | Red Energy system | Aerobic
Fast twitch fibre
Fast twitch, also known as type II - glycolytic
Speed of contraction | Fast Force produced | Medium/ High Resistance to fatigue | Medium/Low Colour | White Energy system | Anaerobic
Voluntary muscles
Deltoid - shoulder Biceps Pectorals Abdominals Quadriceps Trapezius - shoulder/ neck Triceps Latissimus dorsi - back Gluteal - but cheek Hamstring Gastrocnemius - behind shin
Muscle Movement
Origin
Insertion
Origin
end of a muscle which is attached to a fixed bone top
Insertion
other end of the muscle that is attached to the bone which moves.
Bottom
Isotonic contraction
Muscle producing tension and controlling the speed of the muscular contractions
Isotonic concentric contraction
Involves muscle shortening.
Origin and insertion move closer together
Muscle becomes fatter
Isotonic eccentric contraction
Muscle lengthening whilst under tension
Origin and insertion move further apart
Provides control on the downward phase
Resits gravity
Isometric contraction
Involves muscle producing tension but staying the same length
Muscle pairs
Antagonistic pairs
Agonist
Muscle which is contracting
Antagonist
Muscle which is relaxing
Muscle hypertrophy
Muscle tissue is placed under stress causing micro-tears
The body responds by repairing the muscle fibres and making them larger
