7- Infants Nutrition Flashcards
mention the indicator of growth and development
gestational age, birthweight, length, head circumference
Appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants have birth measurements that plot between…..
10th and 89th precentile
There is an indicator to measure the perinatal morbidity and mortality, which is….
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
Mention 5 leading cause of infants mortality
- Birth defects
- Preterm birth and low birth weight
- Maternal pregnancy complications
- Sudden infant death syndrome
- Injuries (e.g., suffocation
Mention 7 indicator can be used to determine nutritional status
- Weight-for-age
- Length-for-age
- Height-for-age
- Weight-for-length
- Body mass index-for-age
- Head circumference
- Mid-Upper Arm Circumference
One way to measure newborn and infants growth is by measure physical growth. What exactly to be measured?
the increase in the mass of body tissues that occurs in genetically determined rates, patterns, and ages as a
healthy infant grows into adulthood.
One way to measure newborn and infants growth is by measure motor development. What exactly to be measured?
- Reflects an infant’s ability to control voluntary muscle movement. EX
✓ Progresses from top down (head to leg)
✓ Progresses centrally to peripherally (shoulder and arm muscles before muscles in the hands) - Influences the ability of the infant to feed.
✓ Example: When an infant has achieved head and trunk control, sitting balance, and fading of certain reflexes such as tongue thrust, oral feeding can be initiated - Influences the amount of energy expended in the activity.
✓ As motor skills continue to progress, daily energy needs increase because of higher energy expenditure.
(Example: infants who are crawling or starting to walk will expend more energy in physical activity than younger infants who are not yet rolling over)
Cognitive development is an indicator used to determine the normal growth and development. Several risk factor for poor cognitive, motor and socio emotional, include:
✓ Severe, acute malnutrition (very low weight for length)
✓ Chronic undernutrition (intrauterine growth retardation
and linear growth retardation or stunting)
✓ Iron deficiency anemia
✓ Iodine deficiency
Energy needs for infants 6-11 month is….
800 kcal
Energy needs for infants 1-3 month is….
1350 kcal
Explain the protein needed for
- birth to 6 months
- 7 to 12 monts
- birth to 6 months: 1.52 g/kg BW
- 7 to 12 months: 1.2 g/kg BW
Explain the fat needed for
- birth to 6 months
- 7 to 12 monts
- birth to 6 months: 31g
- 7 to 12 months: 30g
Mention 4 other nutrients needed by infants!
fluoride, vitamin D, sodium, iron
Mention the infants and young child feeding guidelines!
- Early initiation of breastfeeding
- Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months
- Nutritionally adequate and safe complementary feeding starting from the age of 6 months
- Continued breastfeeding up to 2 years of age or 4 beyond.
Mention 5 common nutritional issues and concern
colic, iron deficiency, diarrhea and constipation, early childhood carries and food allergies
mention the symptoms of colic!
✓ Sudden onset of irritability, fussiness, or crying.
(occur from early infancy up to 4 or 5 months of age and can have a pattern of onset and duration)
✓ Mostly occurs in a healthy young infant between 2 weeks and 3
months of age
iron deficiency is associated with
✓ Poor cognitive, motor and socio-emotional development in infancy
✓ Poor cognition and school achievement in later childhood
recommended iron supplementation for severe and mild to moderate anemia is
severe: 4 to 6 mg/kg/d divided into three
doses
mild to moderate:3 mg/kg/d divided into one to two doses
the source of diarrhea in infants is
viral and bacterial infections, food intolerance, or changes in
fluid intake
first line treatment to treat infants diarrhea are
✓ To continue breastfeeding or feeds of regular strength formula
✓ To resume an age-appropriate diet
✓ Foods high in simple sugar content are not recommended
✓ A moderate intake of fat will be beneficial
for infants constipation, treatment recommended are
✓ Focus on normal fluid and fiber intake
✓ Dont consume food with high dietary fiber content
✓ The routine use of prebiotics and probiotics in the treatment of
childhood constipation is not recommend
complementary feeding become important to be given to infants because……
infant’s need for energy and nutrients starts to exceed what is provided by breast milk
Describe the food the baby can eat at:
- 6-8 months of age
- 8-10 months of age
- 9-12 months of age
- 6-8 months of age : foods with a soft, lumpy texture to elicit munching and jaw movement
- 8-10 months of age : able to chew and swallow soft mashed foods without choking
- 9-12 months of age: many foods eaten by other family members are
appropriate for infants. however, the addition of salt and sugar to baby food is
not recommended.
The most common allergies reaction in infants is..
Respiratory and skin
symptoms, such as wheezing or skin rashes.
