5 Nutrition During Pregnancy Flashcards
What is preterm
Baby that is delivered <37 weeks
When the cell differentiation in embryo begins?
Day 6-8
When do lungs, GI tract, and kidneys formed? (not fully functional)
Month 6
Level of priority access to energy, nutrient, and oxygen supplies during hyperplasia
- brain
- Central nervous system
- heart and adrenal glands
How does severe malnutrition in early pregnancy affect the embryo?
reduced brain cell number in utero
Affect of low level of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1)
- decreased muscle and skeletal mass
- produce asymmetrical growth
3 variation of fetal growth
- disproportionately small for gestational age (dSGA)
- proportionately small for gestational age (pSGA)
- large for gestational age (LGA)
Why restriction weight gain during pregnancy below recommended ranges is dangerous
- it does not decrease the risk of pregnancy-related hypertension
- associated w/ increased infant death and low birth weight
- poor offspring growth and development
Rate of pregnancy weight gain
- first trimester –> 1.5- 3 kg
- followed by gradual and consistent gains
- slower rate a few weeks prior to delivery
How many fat is deposited to the fetus out of 3.5 kg fat stored?
0.5 kg
Why during pregnancy high energy is required?
due to increase of:
- protein synthesis
- fat tissue synthesis
- metabolically active tissue
Three major types of NTDs caused by inadequate intake of folates
- Spina bifida
- Anencephaly
- Encephalocele
Main roles of Vitamin A during pregnancy
involves in cell differentiation
Which group (and why) have a higher risk of inadequate vit. D
- obese women –> low levels of release of stored vit. D from fat cells
- Vegan women –> Vit. D only present in animal products
Effect of iron-deficiency anemia on the offspring
- increased risk of preterm delivery and low-birthweight infants
- lower scores on intelligence, language, gross motor, attention tests
