7- Immune mediated deficiency

Question 1

Define immune deficiency

Answer 1

Impairments in parts or the function of specific parts of the immune system causing the animal to be susceptible to infectious disease

Question 2

Describe the difference between primary and secondary immune deficiency

Answer 2

Primary- inherited/ congenital- mutation in a gene that is associated with immune response
Secondary- not a mutation, physiological/pathological change within the immune system occurs

Question 3

T/F primary immune deficiencies are common

Answer 3

False- they are rare

Question 4

What is canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (CLAD)

Answer 4

primary immune deficiency- autosomal recessive disorder
causes abnormal blood clotting, impaired immune system
Prevents WBC from adhering and eliminating pathogens
Will have persistent neutrophilia (high)

Question 5

What is severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

Answer 5

primary deficiencies - dog and horses (breed dependent)
causes mutation on key cytokines- leading to immune failure

Question 6

Which breed does severe combined immunodeficiency affect most

Answer 6

basset hound
jack Russel terrier
Arabian horse

Question 7

Name 2 causes of a secondary immune deficiency

Answer 7

Age (decline in CD4+)
Specific infectious disease (FIV)
Chronic stress
Malnutrition - reduced leptin–> reduced T lymphocyte function

Question 8

When are you most likely to see a primary immune deficiency

Answer 8

Generally clinically apparent in early life