7: Hypertonic States - Friedgood

Question 1

corticospinal tract ______ on alpha motor neuron

Answer 1

inhibitory

inhibits primitive reflexes along with baseline tone

Question 2

loose corticospinal tract, observe…

Answer 2

hyperreflexia because of loss of inhibition

Question 3

increased resistance to passive range of motion

Answer 3

rigidity

Question 4

cog wheeling

Answer 4

basal ganglia disease

Question 5

spasticity =

Answer 5

UMN lesion

Question 6

clasp knipe =

Answer 6

spasticity

Question 7

non-progressive disorder of motor control

Answer 7

cerebral palsy

can have co-morbidites

Question 8

possible treatable cause of CP

Answer 8

syringomyelia

Question 9

rhythmic oscillations about a joint

Answer 9

tremor

amplitude/ velocity similar in both directions

increased adrenergic tone (postural)

go away with sleep

Question 10

resting tremor

Answer 10

basal ganglia dysfunction

Question 11

intention tremor

Answer 11

cerebellar dysfunction

Question 12

drugs for tremors

Answer 12

beta blockers
primidone
botox

Question 13

involuntary, stereotyped quick movements

Answer 13

tic

irregular intervals

buildup of psychic tension

Question 14

multiple motor tics with at least one vocal tic for greater than 1 year

Answer 14

tourette syndrome

1/2 with OCD and learning disorder

Question 15

abnormal posturing

Answer 15

dystonia

things like writer’s cramp, yips, torticollis

Question 16

writhing/ snake-like involuntary movements

Answer 16

athetosis

really a movement between two dystonias

Question 17

involuntary random movements sufficient to move a body part

Answer 17

chorea

patients may finish with voluntary movement

Question 18

components of HD

Answer 18

personality disorder
dementia
chorea
30-40s yo at start

loss of caudate nucleus

Question 19

large amplitude/ violent form of chorea

Answer 19

hemi-ballismus

limbs fling out into space

usually one sided

associated with lesions in contralateral subthalamic nucleus

Question 20

abnormal movements brought on by medications

Answer 20

tardive dyskinesia

oral/facial/lingual most common

secondary to dopa blockade

Question 21

decomposition of voluntary movement

Answer 21

ataxia

decreased movement speed, decreased coordination, halting imprecise movement

resulting from disease in Cerebellum and its connections

Question 22

intermittent loss of postural tone

Answer 22

asterixis

affects limbs/trunk

seen with metabolic/toxic encephalopathies

“negative” myoclonus

sudden drop the motion they are drying to do

Question 23

one form of epilepsy which may be subcortical in nature

Answer 23

myoclonus

Question 24

restless legs are associated with

Answer 24

sleep disorder

iron deficiency