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CHEM 6.2 Nitrogen compounds, polymers and synthesis > 7. Functional groups > Flashcards

7. Functional groups Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkane

  1. functional group
  2. properties
  3. typical reactions
A
  1. C-C
  2. non-polar, unreactive.
  3. radical substitution.
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2
Q

Alkene

  1. functional group
  2. properties
  3. typical reactions
A
  1. C=C
  2. non-polar, electron-rich double bond.
  3. electrophilic addition.
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3
Q

Aromatic compounds

  1. functional group
  2. properties
  3. typical reactions
A
  1. C6H5-
  2. stable delocalised ring of electrons.
  3. electrophilic substitution
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4
Q

Alcohol

  1. functional group
  2. properties
  3. typical reactions
A
  1. C-OH
  2. polar C-OH bond. lone pair on O can act as a nucleophile.
  3. Nucleophilic substitution, dehydration/elimination. Esterification, nucleophilic substitution.
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5
Q

Haloalkane

  1. functional group
  2. properties
  3. typical reactions
A
  1. C-X
  2. polar C-X bond.
  3. Nucleophilic substitution, elimination.
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6
Q

Amine

  1. functional group
  2. properties
  3. typical reactions
A
  1. C-NR2
  2. lone pair on N is basic and can act as a nucleophile.
  3. Neutralisation, nucleophilic substitution.
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7
Q

Nitrile

  1. functional group
  2. properties
  3. typical reactions
A
  1. C-C triple bond N
  2. electron deficient carbon centre.
  3. reduction, hydrolysis.
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8
Q

Aldehyde/ Ketone

  1. functional group
  2. properties
  3. typical reactions
A
  1. C=O
  2. polar C=O bond
  3. Nucleophilic addition, reduction, aldehydes will oxidise
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9
Q

Carboxylic acid

  1. functional group
  2. properties
  3. typical reactions
A
  1. -COOH
  2. electron deficient carbon centre.
  3. neutralisation, esterification.
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10
Q

Ester

  1. functional group
  2. properties
  3. typical reactions
A
  1. RCOOR
  2. Electron deficient carbon centre.
  3. hydrolysis
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11
Q

Acyl chloride

  1. functional group
  2. properties
  3. typical reactions
A
  1. -COCl
  2. Electron deficient carbon centre.
  3. Nucleophilic addition, elimination, condensation (loose HCl), friedel crafts acylation
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12
Q

Acid anhydride

  1. functional group
  2. properties
  3. typical reactions
A
  1. RCOOCOR
  2. electron deficient carbon centre.
  3. esterification
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13
Q

what is an alkenyl group?

A

a fragment of a molecule that contains a C=C bond

alkene equivalent of an alkyl group

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14
Q

reaction type Addition

  1. description
  2. functional groups that undergo this type of reaction
A
  1. 2 molecules join to form a single product. involves breaking double bond.
  2. alkene, carbonyls.
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15
Q

reaction type Elimination/ hydration

  1. description
  2. functional groups that undergo this type of reaction
A
  1. involves removing a functional group which is released as part of a small molecule. often a double bon is formed.
  2. halogens, alcohols
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16
Q

reaction type Substitution

  1. description
  2. functional groups that undergo this type of reaction
A
  1. a functional group on a molecule is swapped for a new one

2. halogens, alcohols, aromatic compounds (Benzene)

17
Q

reaction type Condensation

  1. description
  2. functional groups that undergo this type of reaction
A
  1. 2 molecules get joined together with the loss of a small molecule. e.g. water or HCl
  2. carboxylic acid, acyl chloride, amides, alcohol
18
Q

reaction type Hydrolysis

  1. description
  2. functional groups that undergo this type of reaction
A
  1. Water is used to split apart a molecule creating 2 smaller ones. opposite of condensation
  2. polyamides, polyesters, acid anhydride
19
Q

reaction type Oxidation

  1. description
  2. functional groups that undergo this type of reaction
A
  1. oxidation is loss of electrons. usually means gaining an oxygen atom or loosing a hydrogen atom.
  2. alcohol, carbonyls, carboxylic acids
20
Q

reaction type Reduction

  1. description
  2. functional groups that undergo this type of reaction
A
  1. reduction is gain of electrons. usually means gaining a hydrogen atom or loosing an oxygen atom
  2. alcohol, carbonyls, carboxylic acids

CHEM 6.2 Nitrogen compounds, polymers and synthesis (9 decks)

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