1. Amines and Amides Flashcards
how is an Amine a derivative of Ammonia NH3
if 1 or more H on NH3 is replaced with an organic group you get an amine
when 1 alkyl group replace a H on NH3 it is called a
primary amine
when 2 alkyl group replace a H on NH3 it is called a
secondary amine
when 3 alkyl group replace a H on NH3 it is called a
tertiary amine
if Nitrogen atom is bonded to four alkyl groups you get a
quaternary ammonium ion (positively charged)
Aliphatic is a term for
compounds without any benzene ring structures
e. g’s of naming amines
1. CH5N
2. C2H7N
3. C3H9N
4. C4H12N
5. C6H5NH2
- methylamine
- dimethylamine
- trimethylamine
- tetramethylamine ion
- phenylamine
acids ____ protons
donate
bases ____ protons
accept
How are Amines bases?
lone pair of electrons on nitrogen accepts protons (H+ ions)
- What do amines make when they are neutralised by acids?
- ethylamine reacts with Hydrochloric acid to make
CH3CH2NH2 + HCl ->
1.ammonium salts
2. ethyl ammonium chloride
CH3CH2NH3+Cl-
How to make Aliphatic amines from haloalkanes
- conditions
- reagents
- heat
2. haloalkane + excess of ethanolic ammonia (ammonia dissolved in ethanol)
When making aliphatic amines from Haloalkanes what do you get a mixture of?
primary, secondary and tertiary amines and quatenary ammonium salts
Why do you get a mixture of products when making aliphatic amines from haloalkanes?
more than one hydrogen is likely to be substituted
when making aliphatic amines from haloalkanes you can separate the mixture of products using
fractional distillation
e.g. of how you get a mixture of products when making aliphatic amines from haloalkanes
1. bromoethane will react with ammonia to form
NH3 + CH3CH2Br ->
2. ethylamine will also react with bromoethane to form
CH3CH2NH2 + CH3CH2Br ->
- ethylamine
CH3CH2NH2 + NH4Br - diethylamine
CH3CH2NHCH2CH3 + NH4Br
What kind of reaction takes place when you make aliphatic amines from haloalkanes
nucleophillic substitution reaction
Aromatic amines can be made by
reducing a nitro compound
e.g. nitrobenzene C6H5NO2
making aromatic amines
2 steps involved in reducing nitro compounds
- Heat/reflux , tin and concentrated hydrochloric acid, = makes a salt
- to get aromatic amine add sodium hydroxide
equation for making an aromatic amine from nitrobenzene
C6H5NO2 + 6[H] —> C6H5NH2 + 2H20
nitrobenzene + reducing agent –> phenylamine + water
1. tin, conc. HCl, reflux
2. NaOH
How is an amide a carboxylic acid derivative
amides contain functional group -CONH2
OH on carboxylic acid replace for amine NH2
a primary amide is where
Nitrogen is bonded to one carbon
RCONH2
a secondary amide is where
Nitrogen is bonded to 2 carbons
one of the Hs is replaced with an alkyl group
RCONHR
why do amides behave differently from amines
carbonyl group (C=O) pulls electrons away from rest of CONH2 group
What groups do amino acids have
a basic amino group (NH2)
an acidic carboxyl group (COOH)
an alpha amino acids both groups (NH2, COOH) are attached to
the same carbon atom (the alpha carbon)
what is the general formula of an alpha amino acid
RCH(NH2)COOH
R is the variable group attached to the alpha carbon
Amino acids can react with alkalis
how?
e.g. RCH(NH2)COOH + NaOH->
the carboxylic acid group in an amino acid can react with an alkali to form conjugate base RCH(NH2)COO- which can combine with a positive ion to form a salt
e.g. RCH(NH2)COO-Na+ + H2O
Amino acids can react with Acids
how?
e.g. RCH(NH2)COOH + HCl ->
Amino group (NH2) reacts with acid to form a salt of the conjugate acid RCH(N+H3Cl-)COOH
the COOH in amino acids react with alcohols to form
esters
Amino acids react with alcohols to form esters
catalyst
strong acid catalyst e.g. H2SO4
amino acid react with alcohol to form ester e.g.
RCH(NH2)COOH + CH3OH ->
RCH(NH2)COOCH3 + H2O
