7-Enzymes

Question 1

Enzymes

Answer 1

Folded,globular shaped protein catalysts that speed up reactions without being used up

Question 2

Catabolic

Answer 2

Big to small

Eg amylase breaks starch down into maltose

Question 3

Anabolic

Answer 3

Small to more complex

Eg DNA ligase used in genetic engineering to join two pieces of DNA together

Question 4

Substrate

Answer 4

Substance upon which enzyme acts

Question 5

Product

Answer 5

Substance formed by enzyme

Question 6

Factors that affect enzymes

Answer 6

Temp:
Plants at 20-30
Animals at 37

Ph:
Both at ph 6-8
Except pepsin (1)
Optimum is 7

Question 7

Metabolism

Answer 7

sum of all chemical reactions that take place within an organism

Question 8

sources of energy

Answer 8

solar-sunlight

cellular-energy stored in bonds of biomolecules

Question 9

Catalyst

Answer 9

substance that speeds up a reaction without itself being used up

Question 10

Denatured enzyme

Answer 10

lost its shape and can no longer function

Question 11

Bioprocessing

Answer 11

use of enzyme-controlled reactions to produce a product

Question 12

Bioreactor

Answer 12

vessel in which living cells or their products are used to make a product

Question 13

Immobilised enzymes

Answer 13

attached or fixed to an inert material

Question 14

3 methods of immobilising enzymes

Answer 14

attached to each other
gel
insoluble supports

Question 15

Advantages of immobilised enzymes

Answer 15

can be reused
increased stability
cheaper

Question 16

Use of immobilised enzymes

Answer 16

lactase

lactose——>glucose and galactose

Question 17

specificity

Answer 17

enzyme’s ability to react with only one substrate

Question 18

active site

Answer 18

part of enzyme which combines with substrate

Question 19

Induced fit model

Answer 19

Substrate combines with 3-d active site of enzyme
active site caused to change shape slightly by substrate
Enzyme substrate complex
Bonds in substrate altered-substrate changes into product
Products leave
Active site returns to original shape

Question 20

optimum ph

Answer 20

ph value at which the enzyme works best

Question 21

causes of denaturation

Answer 21

high temp
not optimum ph
chemicals/radiation