7: Economic Development

Question 1

How did urban mobility change?

Answer 1

1. Matrix origin - destination (home - work) has changed

2. Number and type of activities has changed

Question 2

Is land-use planning the solution?

Answer 2

1. Lack of causality between land-use and transport
2. Lack of temporal stability in the link / problem of timeframes
3. Difficulty of influencing the causes

Question 3

Lack of causality between land-use and transport

Answer 3

Transport growth mainly driven by societal factors: economic growth, spatial division of labour, large-scale societal integration, gender equality, higher income and education

Question 4

Problem of timeframes (land-use and transport)

Answer 4

Most studies are cross-sectional (miss the time component), spatial effects can be misjudged:

1. Difference between long-term and new residents
2. Major transformation processes are easily missed

Question 5

Influenceability of causes (land-use and transport)

Answer 5

Not just identifying, it must be possible to influence these causes

1. Region cannot consist of only inner cities
2. Planning concepts of different sectors often compete with each other
3. Political support for reducing road traffic

Question 6

Mobility vs accessibility

Answer 6

Mobility (in the city) = ease of moving (in the city), amount of movement, can be measured in distance travelled
Accessibility (in the city) = ease of reaching a destination (city), cannot be measured only indicated
Accessibility is always seen as positive and better (unlike mobility)

Question 7

Premises and necessary conditions that must be present to allow economic development to take place

Answer 7

Does transport infrastructure investment promote economic growth at urban and regional level?
Premises:
1. In developed countries, where there is already high-quality infrastructure, further investment in infrastructure will not on its own generate economic growth
2. Transport infrastructure investments act as a complement to other more important underlying conditions, which must also be met if further economic development is to take place
Necessary conditions:
1. Economic conditions (e.g. agglomeration economies, high quality labour force, expectations)
2. Investment conditions (e.g. availability of resources, scale of investment, efficient implementation)
3. Political conditions (related to broader policy environment in which transport decisions must be taken - e.g. willingness, efficient management of infrastructure, supporting legal processes)