7 Bribery & Hofstede Flashcards
Definition Corrpution
involves the abuse of public or private office for personal gain. It can take many forms, such as nepotism, bribery, embezzlement or extortion.
Definition Bribery
is the offering, promising, or giving something in order to influence a public official in the execution of his/her official duties.
Culture | Definition
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2.
3.
- sum of total beliefs, rules, institutions and techniques in a human population
- is learned and shared
- defines the boundaries of different groups
Values | Definition
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2.
- culturally defined standards held by groups or individuals about what is desirable, proper, beautfiful and good or bad
- based on religious beliefs, media, parental and cultural influence
What is a self reference cirterion?
- the unconscious reference point of ones own cultural values
Enculturation | Definition
- the process where the culture that is currently established teaches someone in this culture the accepted norms and values
What is Acculturation?
- when you learn about a different culture e.g. from a host
What is…..
- Parochialism?
- Ethnocentrism?
- someone expects those from or in another country to automatically fall into patterns of behavior common in their own country
- people assume that their own ways are always the best - no matter under what conditions the act
HOFSTEDE
What is the Power Distance and its characteristics?
- how are less powerful members of society accepted; how is power distributed
- LARGE PD: hierarchical order; everyone has their place; much respect (Malaysia, Mexico)
- LOW PD: strive to equalize distribution of power; legislative, judicative, executive; same legal framework; INFORMAL communication (germany, Denmark)
HOFSTEDE
What is the Individualism vs Collectivism and its characteristics?
- INDIVIDUALISM: loose relationships, everyone more for themselves; “I” identity; task before relationship; confrontations are good; groups universalist (USA, Australia,UK, Netherlands); MAJORITY -> faster decision, slower implementation; more errors, less stability
- COLLECTIVISM: strong relationships, harmony, relationship before task; CONSENSOUS -> slower decision, faster implementation (costa rica, Guatemala, south korea); slow processes, lost opportunities
HOFSTEDE
What is the Masculinity vs Femininity and its characteristics?
- MASC: men: Power, ambition – women: caring, humility; egocentric, live to work; economic growth. Failure is BAD (Slovakia, Japan, Austria, hungary, Germany and china 66)
- FEM: everyone caring; life > work, preference of free time, protecting environment, failure is FINE (Sweden, Norway, Netherlands, costa rica)
HOFSTEDE
What is the Uncertainty Avoidance Index and its characteristics?
- how comfortable are people with uncertainty
-AVOID: uncertainty threat, aggression cann be ventilated; rules are needed, STRESS, innovations adapted slowly (Greece, Portugal, Belgium, Guatemala) - ACCEPTS: aggression should be controlled, rules can be broken, more frequent work change, HIGH mobiliy, generalists > specialists (Singapore, Jamaica, Denmark, Sweden)
HOFSTEDE
What is Long Term vs Short Term Orientation and its characteristics?
- LT: perseverance, persistence, savings as virtues; good and bad can change, willing to adapt to situation, learn from others, humility (puerto rico, ghana, Egypt, nigeria
- ST: virtues related to past, traditions, pride, positive information about oneself, two truths will become conflict (south korea, Taiwan, japan, china)
HOFSTEDE
What is Indulgence vs Restraint and its characteristics?
- INDULGENCE: free gratification of natural desires, enjoying life, individual well being, more freedom, more extroverted people (Venezuela, Mexico, puerto rico, nigeria)
- RESTRAINT: strict social norms, don’t exptress positive emotions that much (Pakistan, Egypt, Ukraine, Bulgaria)
