7. Bandura et al. (1961) - Learning Approach - done

Question 1

Aim of Bandura (2)

Answer 1

To investigate whether a child will learn aggression by observing a model and if the sex of the model would matter

Question 2

4 hypothesis of Bandura

Answer 2

1. observed aggression will be imitated
2. observed non-aggression will be imitated
3. children is more likely to copy same sex model
4. boys will be more likely to copy aggresion than girls

Question 3

Meaning of imitative learning - Bandura et al (1)

Answer 3

learning new behavior through observing role model and imitating it later in the absence of the model

Question 4

Research method and design of Bandura

Answer 4

Lab experiments and independent measures design

Question 5

IV of Bandura (3)

Answer 5

1. model type (aggressive and non)
2. sex of the model (same or not)
3. learner gender

Question 6

DV of Bandura

Answer 6

behavior of the child

Question 7

Sample of Bandura (5)

Answer 7

total: 72 children aged 3-6 years old
36 of each gender
from Stanford university nursery
opportunity sampling

Question 8

What did they do before the experiment of Bandura (5)

Answer 8

the children were watched by an experimenter and teacher who knew them and rated on a 4 point scale on their aggression
then assigned into 3 groups with aggression matched

then some children were checked again and got similar results by other observers for inter rater reliability

annoyed the children deliberately - child was informed their ‘favorite toy’ was reserved for someone else after 2 minutes of playing

Question 9

distribution of sample in Bandura (3)

Answer 9

12 girls and 12 boys were in control groups
24 each with aggressive and non aggressive
then 12 with different sex models - 6 boys and 6 girls

Question 10

Procdure of Bandura (5)

Answer 10

Control - did not see any model –> just played

In the room there were Bobo doll, mallet, tinkertoy set

non aggressive - assembled the tinkertoy set for 10 minutes
aggressive - assembled the toy for a minute and then attacked the Bobo doll for 9 minutes. Verbal aggression was used as well: kick him

observed for 20 minutes through one way mirror
behavior was observed in 5 second intervals

Question 11

Results of Bandura (5)

Answer 11

children exposed to aggressive behavior - imitated.
imitation was greater in boys than girls
boys - physical aggression
girls - verbal aggression

imitative aggression from boys - 25.8
imitative aggression from girls - 7.2

less imitative if it was different gender

Question 12

conclusions of Bandura (3)

Answer 12

children are more likely follow same sex
boys are more likely imitate aggression more than girls
observed aggression is imitated

Question 13

Strengths of Bandura (3)

Answer 13

+ Lab - control extreanous variables
–> they saw the model for the same exact time, model behavour was standardised- reliable and replicable
+ high inter rater reliablilty - 2 people were observing
+children were unaware they were being watched - increased validity –> less likely to show demand characteristics

Question 14

Weakness of Bandura (3)

Answer 14

• only 6 children used in each condition (except control) –> small sample - hard to generalise, as well as they were all from teh Stanford university nursery - hard to generalise
• the reason the children acted may have been to demand characteristics - they may have thought the model wanted them to be aggressive
• no study done afterward to see if the aggressin stuck?

Question 15

Ethics regarding Bandura (2)

Answer 15

• they were annoyed - physchologicaly distressing
• no consent or right to withdraw to the children - they may be physchologically distressed