7 - Acids, Bases & Salts Flashcards
Def. Acid
A substance that gives away/donates hydrogen ions (H+). This only happens in a solution with water. H+ ions are known as protons.
Def. Base
A substance that recives/accepts hydrogen ions (H+), or protons, from acids (and they are not necesarily soluble in water)
Def. Alkali
A soluble base that accepts protons from acids
Def. Strong Acid
An acid with completely disassociated into ions in a solution where no particle in the acid remain molecules
Def. Weak Acid
An acid with partially disassociated into ions in a solution where most particles in the acid remain molecules
What are the 3 indicators for Acids and Bases?
- Litmus paper
- Thymolphalein
- Methyl Orange
What does Litmus paper reveal?
- When in an acid, it turns red
- When in a base, it turns blue
- When in a neutral colour, it remains the same.
There are two colours - red and blue litmus paper
What does Thymolphalein reveal?
- It turns blue when reacting with an base
- Otherwise, it remains colourless
It starts of as transparent
What does Methyl Orange reveal?
- It turns red when reacting with an acid
- It turns yellow when reacting with anything else such as neutral or bases
It starts of as orange
Why will strong acids react faster than weak acids?
They have a larger concentration of hydrogon ions/protons
What is produced when an acid and a metal react?
Acid + Metal → a salt + H2
What is produced when an acid and a base react?
Acid + Base → a salt + H2O
What is produced when an acid and a carbonate react?
Acid + Carbnate → a salt + H2O + CO2
What is the formula for ethanoic acid?
CH3CO2H
What are the 4 acids you are required to know?
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
- Nitric acid (HNO3)
- Ethanoic acid (CH3CO2H)
What solutions do most non-metal oxides form?
Acidic solutions
What solutions do most metal oxides form?
Basic solutions
What type of oxide does Hydrogen form?
A neutral oxide, aka H2O/Water
What type of oxides do Aluminium and Zinc form?
Amphoteric oxides
What is an amphoteric oxide?
And which two elements are used to form them?
They are oxdes that react with both bases and acids - such as Aluminium or Zinc
What is the general equation for neutralisation?
H+ + OH- = H2O
This is the ionic equation for all reactions between acids and bases
What is the pH scale and what does it stand for?
A measurement of hydrogen cation concentration
Number n on the scale stands for 1 x 10-n concentration of H+
What are solutions with a higher pH called?
They are Basic, and Alkaline
What is the pH for neutral?
7