7, 8 y 9

Question 1

Methods to forecast precipitation:

Answer 1

Numerical Weather Prediction Models (NWP): (field-based) Deterministic modelling
Statistical models & softcomputing: (point based)
Radar tracking methods: (event based)
Based on conceptual, statistical and/or soft
computing methods

Question 2

Methods for flood forecast:

Answer 2

Flood routing models (short term):
- Hydrological (e.g. Muskingum)
- Hydraulic (e.g. Saint-Venant)
R-R-Models (short term):
- Conceptual (e.g. bucket type models)
- System hydrological (e.g. Einheitsganglinie)
Statistical, empirical (long term):
- Time series models (ARMA)
- Softcomputing methods

Question 3

Methods for low flow prediction (draught):

Answer 3

1. Conceptual hydrological models:
2. Stochastic time series and regression models:
3. Soft-Computing methods:

Question 4

Climate models:

Answer 4

General circulation models GCM

Regional circulation models (RCM)