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kelly's fam med AQ cases > 7 > Flashcards

7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is on your differential for adult with chronic fatigue?

A 
Anemia
Occult malignancy
Sleep apnea
Depression 
CAD
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2
Q

What are the two questions of PHQ2?

A

(1) “Little interest or pleasure in doing things.”

(2) “Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless.”

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3
Q

List some signs/symptoms of liver disease

A

abdominal distension, jaundice, or light-colored stools

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4
Q

When and who to screen for lung cancer?

A

55-80 years who have a 30 pack-year smoking history and who currently smoke (or have quit within the past 15 years)

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5
Q

A patient comes in with bright red blood per rectum. What’s on your differential?

A 
Hemerrhoids
Fissure
colorectal carcinoma
colon polyps
bleeding diverticuli
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6
Q

What’s a reasonable iron deficiency treatment?

A

ferrous sulfate 325 mg three times daily

docusate sodium 100 mg twice daily as needed for constipation

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7
Q

If you opt for flex sigmoidoscopy for colorectal CA screening how often does that need to be done?

A

5 years

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8
Q

A patient screens for colorectal CA with a FIT test and it is normal. When should it be repeated?

A

FIT repeated every year

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9
Q

What are the common sites of colorectal CA metastasis?

A

pelvic lymph nodes, liver and lung

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10
Q

What does HELLP syndrome stand for?

A

Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzyme, Low Platelets

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11
Q

What are the core symptoms of ADHD?

A

Inattention
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity

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12
Q

You start a child on methylphenidate for ADHD. What are three common side effects with this medication?

A

Appetite suppression
Insomnia
Decrease in growth velocity

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13
Q

What is slipped capital femoral epiphysis ?

A

Think obese patient in puberty with pain in hip or knee. involves the displacement of the femoral head from the femoral neck through the physeal plate

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14
Q

What fasting blood glucose is diagnostic of diabetes?

A

> 126

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15
Q

A blood pressure cuff that is too ______ can result in falsely elevated bp.

A

TOO SMALL

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16
Q

Dry cough worse at night. What is on your ddx?

A

Asthma

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17
Q

What would tracheal deviation from midline suggest?

A

Tracheal deviation from midline - think mediastinal mass, pneumothorax, FB aspiration

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18
Q

When do you hear crackles?

A

alveolar or small airway conditions - pneumonia, pulmonary edema, bronchitis, interstitial disease

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19
Q

Hear stridor (high-pitched inspiratory sound), think what?

A

croup, inhaled foreign body with partial obstruction, and laryngomalacia

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20
Q

What is the role of Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) in asthma?

A

Short-term monitoring
Managing exacerbations at home and in ED
Daily long-term monitoring of asthma-particularly in moderate to severe asthma

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21
Q

What are roth’s spots?

A

retinal hemorrhages with pale centers, typically seen in bacterial endocarditis

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22
Q

What are the criteria for metabolic syndrome?

A 
central obesity
Hypertension*
Hypertriglyceridemia*
Low HDL cholesterol*
Impaired fasting glucose*
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23
Q

What is pre-diabetes A1C range?

A

5.7-6.4

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24
Q

Who would benefit from a statin?

A

Current ASCVD
LDL cholesterol > 190 mg/dL
Diabetes (type 1 or 2) age 40-75 years
Estimated 10-year ASCVD risk by Pooled Cohort Equations > 7.5%.

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25
Q

What 10 year ASCVD risk would qualify someone for a statin?

A

7.5%

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26
Q

What are some secondary causes of dyslipidemia?

A 
Diabetes
Hypothyroidism
Medications - thiazides, beta blockers, estrogens, protease inhibitors
Acute hepatitis
Nephrotic syndrome
Cholestatic or obstructive liver disease
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27
Q

What agent is most effective in increasing HDL?

A

Nicotinic acid (niacin, or vitamin B3)

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28
Q

What are two labs that should be drawn prior to initiation of a statin?

A

LFTs and CK, as liver dysfunction and myopathy can result as side effects

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29
Q

A patient is told to limit salt intake to help HTN. What is suggested limit?

A

2,400 mg per day

30
Q

What caloric deficit is needed to lose one pound?

A

3,500

31
Q

Who qualifies for bariatric surgery?

A

BMI > 40 or BMI > 35 with sever comorbid conditions

32
Q

What noradrenergic appetite suppressants can function as aids in weight loss?

A

Phentermine
Diethylpropion
Pendimetrazine
Benzphetamine

33
Q

This medication is a GI lipase inhibitor preventing fat absorption and is used to aid in weight loss.

A

Orlistat

34
Q

What are some cardiac etiologies of chest pain?

A 
variant angina
MI
aortic dissection
cocaine induced
valvular heart disease
pericarditis
myocarditis
cardiac syndrome x
non-ischemic cardiomyopathy
35
Q

What are EKG findings of pericarditis?

A

diffuse ST elevations

36
Q

What respiratory diseases can manifest as chest pain?

A

PE
pleurisy
pneumothorax
pneumonia

37
Q

Patient has palpitations, lightheadedness and syncope. What’s on your ddx?

A

Ventricular tachycardia

38
Q

What are the three criteria for typical angina?

A

Substernal chest discomfort with a characteristic duration and features
Exertional in nature
Relief with rest or nitroglycerin

39
Q

What is atypical angina and who has it?

A

Patients who have diabetes, women, and the elderly are more likely to present with atypical features. Occasionally they will present with only weakness or shortness of breath on exertion. Those symptom are considered “anginal equivalents”.

40
Q

Who should be on aspirin for prevention of CVD?

A

adults aged 50 to 59 years who have a 10% or greater 10-year CVD risk, are not at increased risk for bleeding, have a life expectancy of at least 10 years, and are willing to take low-dose aspirin daily for at least 10 year

41
Q

How can anemia contribute to myocardial ischemia?

A

by decreasing oxygen carrying capacity

42
Q

Why check thyroid in someone with cardiac disease?

A

hyperthyroidism increases oxygen demand of the heart while hypothyroidism adversely effects lipids

43
Q

What are the criteria of TYPICAL angina?

A

Substernal chest discomfort with a characteristic duration and features
Exertional in nature
Relief with rest or nitroglycerin

44
Q

What are Q waves in an EKG pathologic for?

A

previous ischemic injury to heart

45
Q

What drugs are the mainstay of anti-anginal treatment?

A

CCB, BB and nitrates

46
Q

How do BB relieve sx of angina?

A

decrease myocardial oxygen consumption by slowing heart rate and decreasing blood pressure

47
Q

How do CCB relieve angina sx?

A

dilation of coronary arteries and increase coronary blood flow while also decreasing myocardial oxygen consumption

48
Q

This medication dilates both arteries and veins, but mostly veins. It is used in angina to reduce preload and effectively work of heart

A

Nitrates

49
Q

Side effects of ACEi?

A

cough, renal dysfunction, angioedema, hyperkalemia

50
Q

How does HCTZ affect K levels?

A

LOWERS, while ACEi INCREASED K+ leves

51
Q

Side effects of HCTZ?

A

dehydration, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, renal dysfunction, increases serum uric acid which may precipitate gouty attack

52
Q

A patient has history of gout and uncontrolled HTN. You’d like to add BP medication to regimen. Which should you avoid?

A

Avoid HCTZ as it can increase serum uric acid level and thus precipitate gout attacks

53
Q

Hypotension, bradycardia, and heart block are all side effects of what anti-anginal medication?

A

Metoprolol

54
Q

Side effects of aspirin?

A

gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, bleeding (especially when used with clopidogrel)

55
Q

Statin side effect?

A

Myalgias, liver dysfunction, and in rare cases rhabdomyolysis - check LFTs and CK before initiating medication

56
Q

What is the time up and go test?

A

Sit in the chair with your back to the chair and your arms resting in your lap.
Without using your arms, stand up from the chair and walk 10 ft. (3m).
Turn around, walk back to the chair, and sit down again.

57
Q

What time for the TUG test is indicative of impaired mobility?

A

> 30 seconds to sit up from chair, walk ten feet, return and sit down

58
Q

You suspect a TIA, what quick exam should you do?

A

Neuro (fascial tone and sensation, cerebellar testing with gait, balance and repetitive movements, gross visual fields, proprioception, MSE and motor strength)
Cardio (auscultate heart, carotids and get EKG)

59
Q

This is one of the most sensitive tests for upper extremity weakness.

A

Pronator drift

60
Q

What are the four types of stroke?

A

Embolic
Thrombotic
Cardiogenic
Hemorrhagic

61
Q

What is a thrombotic stroke?

A

Native clot within the intracranial vasculature

62
Q

How does a cardiogenic stroke work?

A

Secondary to a decrease in cerebral perfusion caused by decreased cardiac output (e.g.: anginal event associated with coronary artery disease), severe hypotension, or hypoxemia related to severe anemia or poor oxygen saturation

63
Q

If considering IV tPa, how quickly must you act?

A

Within 3 hrs. Must first rule out hemorrhagic stroke with brain CT.

64
Q

You want to provide intra-arterial therapy to a patient with embolic stroke. What is your time window?

A

6 hours

65
Q

When does troponin increase and how long does it hang around following ischemic cardiac event?

A

Increase within 4-6 hours and around until day 10

66
Q

What medications can correct AF through rate control?

A

intravenous diltiazem, beta-blockers, or verapamil

67
Q

What symptoms do you expect in someone who is right handed and has a right parietal brain infarct?

A

left hemiplegia
May attempt to read while holding books upside down
Inattention to areas of a room
may also not recognize their functional impairments
Left facial weakness

68
Q

What results from stroke in brainstem?

A

respiratory impairment and affect vital functions of blood pressure, heartbeat and consciousness.

69
Q

What is the target INR range?

A

2-3

70
Q

What is the role of the CHADS 2 score?

A

provide calculated guidance to help weigh the benefits and risks of anticoagulation.

71
Q

What is apraxia

A

Loss of the ability to carry out learned purposeful movements, despite having the desire and the physical ability to perform the movements.

72
Q

What are Instrumental Acts of Daily Living (IADLs)?

A

are not necessary for fundamental functioning, but enable the individual to live independently within a community (light house work, preparing meals etc.)

kelly's fam med AQ cases (10 decks)

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