7/5 Behavioral Sciences

Question 1

looking glass self

Answer 1

individuals base their sense of self on how they believe others view them

Question 2

groupthink

Answer 2

phenomenon that occurs within a group of people in which the desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome

Question 3

self-serving bias

Answer 3

any cognitive or perceptual process that is distorted by the need to maintain and enhance self-esteem, or the tendency to perceive oneself in an overly favorable manner

Question 4

fundamental attribution error

Answer 4

tendency for people to under-emphasize situational explanations for an individual’s observed behavior while over-emphasizing dispositional and personality-based explanations for their behavior

Question 5

Cannon Bard Theory of Emotion

Answer 5

stimulus triggers emotions and physiological reactions at the same time

Question 6

James Lange Theory of Emotion

Answer 6

stimulus triggers physical reaction which leads to emotional response

Question 7

confirmation bias

Answer 7

the tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one’s existing beliefs or theories

Question 8

subjective personality assesment

Answer 8

based on what an individual has to say about themselves

Question 9

objective personality assesment

Answer 9

based on overt behavior judged by external observers

Question 10

projective personality assesment

Answer 10

A psychological test in which a subject’s responses to ambiguous or unstructured standard stimuli, such as a series of cartoons, abstract patterns, or incomplete sentences, are analyzed in order to determine underlying personality traits, feelings, or attitudes.

Question 11

labeling theory

Answer 11

self-identity and the behavior of individuals may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them

Question 12

strain theory

Answer 12

strain theory states that social structures within society may pressure citizens to commit crimes

Question 13

differential association theory

Answer 13

through interaction with others, individuals learn the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior

Question 14

self-efficacy

Answer 14

people’s beliefs about their capabilities to produce designated levels of performance that exercise influence over events that affect their lives (what do you believe about your own ability)

Question 15

Wernicke’s area

Answer 15

region of brain important for language development (understanding speech)

Question 16

Broca’s area

Answer 16

production of speech (left hemisphere)

Question 17

reward power

Answer 17

based on ability to reward

Question 18

coercive power

Answer 18

someone has the power to punish (fear of punishment controls an individual)

Question 19

legitimate power

Answer 19

individual recognizes that someone else has duty/legally given power

Question 20

expert power

Answer 20

based on recognition that another individual a lot of knowledge and shouldn’t be questioned

Question 21

referent power

Answer 21

influence others with personality/charisma that are admired

Question 22

proactive interference

Answer 22

the interference effect of previously learned materials on the acquisition and retrieval of newer materials

Question 23

confabulation

Answer 23

a symptom of various memory disorders in which made-up stories fill in any gaps in memory

Question 24

declarative memory

Answer 24

memory of facts/events

Question 25

procedural memory

Answer 25

stores information on how to complete skills/procedures (motor skills)

Question 26

auditory cortex

Answer 26

in temporal lobe, processes auditory information

Question 27

cerebral cortex

Answer 27

surface of brain, highest mental capabilities

Question 28

forebrain

Answer 28

largest part of brain, includes cerebral cortex, thalamus, limbic system

Question 29

frontal lobe

Answer 29

part of cerebral cortex for reasoning, motor control, emotion, language

Question 30

motor cortex

Answer 30

in frontal lobe, planning and coordinating movement

Question 31

occipital lobe

Answer 31

cerebral cortex, visual processing (primary visual cortex)

Question 32

parietal lobe

Answer 32

cerebral cortex, processes sensory/perceptual information

Question 33

prefrontal cortex

Answer 33

frontal lobe, higher-level cognitive functioning

Question 34

somatosensory cortex

Answer 34

parietal lobe, sensory information across body (touch, temperature, pain)

Question 35

sulcus

Answer 35

depressions or grooves in the cerebral cortex

Question 36

temporal lobe

Answer 36

in cerebral cortex for hearing, memory, emotion, some language, has primary auditory cortex