7/5 Behavioral Sciences Flashcards
looking glass self
individuals base their sense of self on how they believe others view them
groupthink
phenomenon that occurs within a group of people in which the desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome
self-serving bias
any cognitive or perceptual process that is distorted by the need to maintain and enhance self-esteem, or the tendency to perceive oneself in an overly favorable manner
fundamental attribution error
tendency for people to under-emphasize situational explanations for an individual’s observed behavior while over-emphasizing dispositional and personality-based explanations for their behavior
Cannon Bard Theory of Emotion
stimulus triggers emotions and physiological reactions at the same time
James Lange Theory of Emotion
stimulus triggers physical reaction which leads to emotional response
confirmation bias
the tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one’s existing beliefs or theories
subjective personality assesment
based on what an individual has to say about themselves
objective personality assesment
based on overt behavior judged by external observers
projective personality assesment
A psychological test in which a subject’s responses to ambiguous or unstructured standard stimuli, such as a series of cartoons, abstract patterns, or incomplete sentences, are analyzed in order to determine underlying personality traits, feelings, or attitudes.
labeling theory
self-identity and the behavior of individuals may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them
strain theory
strain theory states that social structures within society may pressure citizens to commit crimes
differential association theory
through interaction with others, individuals learn the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior
self-efficacy
people’s beliefs about their capabilities to produce designated levels of performance that exercise influence over events that affect their lives (what do you believe about your own ability)
Wernicke’s area
region of brain important for language development (understanding speech)
Broca’s area
production of speech (left hemisphere)
reward power
based on ability to reward
coercive power
someone has the power to punish (fear of punishment controls an individual)
legitimate power
individual recognizes that someone else has duty/legally given power
expert power
based on recognition that another individual a lot of knowledge and shouldn’t be questioned
referent power
influence others with personality/charisma that are admired
proactive interference
the interference effect of previously learned materials on the acquisition and retrieval of newer materials
confabulation
a symptom of various memory disorders in which made-up stories fill in any gaps in memory
declarative memory
memory of facts/events
procedural memory
stores information on how to complete skills/procedures (motor skills)
auditory cortex
in temporal lobe, processes auditory information
cerebral cortex
surface of brain, highest mental capabilities
forebrain
largest part of brain, includes cerebral cortex, thalamus, limbic system
frontal lobe
part of cerebral cortex for reasoning, motor control, emotion, language
motor cortex
in frontal lobe, planning and coordinating movement
occipital lobe
cerebral cortex, visual processing (primary visual cortex)
parietal lobe
cerebral cortex, processes sensory/perceptual information
prefrontal cortex
frontal lobe, higher-level cognitive functioning
somatosensory cortex
parietal lobe, sensory information across body (touch, temperature, pain)
sulcus
depressions or grooves in the cerebral cortex
temporal lobe
in cerebral cortex for hearing, memory, emotion, some language, has primary auditory cortex
