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MCAT > 6/28 Psych/soc > Flashcards

6/28 Psych/soc Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between assimilation and socialization?

A

Socialization is one’s initial process for learning about life while assimilation is the process of adopting a new culture once already socialized

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2
Q

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

A

Stimulus triggers physiological response which then leads to conscious emotion

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3
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

A

Cognitive and physiological responses occur simultaneously and independently. They are followed by a behavioral response.

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4
Q

Schacter-Singer Theory of Emotion

A

Stimulus leads to physiological response, then cognitive interpretation of circumstances, and then perception of emotion.

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5
Q

Experiment reliability

A

Consistency

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6
Q

Experiment validity

A

Accuracy

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7
Q

Functionalism

A

Sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals in that society

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8
Q

Symbolic Interactionism

A

Society is possible because of the shared meanings and social patterns during interaction

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9
Q

Conflict Theory

A

Society is a competition for limited resources

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10
Q

Maslow’s Self-Actualization Theory

A

The highest level in Maslow’s hierarchy: a level of high achievement in which you have done all you can and have accomplished your goals to the best of your ability

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11
Q

Altruism

A

Selflessness and concern for others

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12
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

A person’s beliefs and health behaviors should be understood in the context of their own culture

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13
Q

Folkways

A

Casual norms that govern everyday behavior

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14
Q

Mores

A

Strict norms that determine ethics (what’s right and wrong)

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15
Q

Taboos

A

Considered unacceptable by almost every culture

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16
Q

Social desirability bias

A

Response bias that is the tendency of respondents to answer questions in a way that will be viewed favorably by others

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17
Q

Test-retest bias

A

Participants take the same exam again

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18
Q

Researcher bias

A

Study’s design is biased

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19
Q

Kinship of affinity

A

Individuals are related by choice rather than blood

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20
Q

Freud’s id

A

Unconscious primal desires

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21
Q

Freud’s superego

A

Moral purpose

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22
Q

Freud’s ego

A

Conscious balance between id and superego

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23
Q

Gordon Allport’s Trait Theory

A 
Cardinal trait (organize entire life around)
Central traits (defining characteristics inferred from behaviors)
Secondary traits (only occur sometimes)
24
Q

John B. Watson’s Little Albert Experiment

A

Classical conditioning and stimulus generalization to make young boy fear furry objects

25
Q

Solomon Asch’s conformity experiment

A

Individuals conform to a group view even if it clearly deviates from the correct answer

26
Q

Albert Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment

A

Observational learning for aggressive behavior

27
Q

Zimbardo’s Stanford prison experiment

A

Put people into roles of guards and prisoners. People will readily conform to social roles they’re expected to play beyond how they would act in normal life.

28
Q

Anomie

A

Society feeling fragmented and lacking cohesiveness (breakdown of social bonds)

29
Q

Availability heuristic

A

People make judgments based on information that is immediately available to them

30
Q

Negativity bias

A

Focusing on the negative aspects of a situation

31
Q

Hippocampus function

A

Memory

32
Q

Prefrontal cortex function

A

Executive decision making

33
Q

External validity

A

Generalizability to entire population

34
Q

Face validity

A

The degree to which the study addresses what it’s intended to address

35
Q

Internal validity

A

The degree to which casual conclusions can be drawn from the study

36
Q

Content validity

A

Whether a study comprehensively accounts for all relevant facets of phenomenon investigated

37
Q

EEG

A

Images active parts of brain (bloodflow)

38
Q

Functional MRI

A

Map active parts of brain

39
Q

PET Scans

A

Measure radioactive emissions (from glucose) to see areas of high and low activity and detect cancer

40
Q

CT Scans

A

3D (stationary) image

41
Q

Structural MRI

A

Just examines anatomy (not activity)

42
Q

The Darwinian Theory of Emotion

A

Emotion from its value in successful reproduction

43
Q

Cognitive appraisal theory of emotion

A

Individuals make different interpretations about stimuli

44
Q

Role strain

A

Problem fitting into existing role

45
Q

Role conflict

A

2 roles coming into conflict

46
Q

Difference between primary and secondary aging

A

Primary aging only involves biological factors and the physical body while secondary aging involves behavioral factors (diet/exercise)

47
Q

GABA

A

Main inhibitory neurotransmitter of CNS

48
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

A person’s behavior influences and is influenced by personal factors and the environment

49
Q

Social loafing

A

Individuals don’t pull their weight in a group setting

50
Q

Deindividuation

A

Person doesn’t feel accountable for actions based on actions of others in group

51
Q

Social facilitation

A

Improved performance within group

52
Q

Social control

A

Enforcement of conformity

53
Q

Social cognitive theory

A

People learn by watching others and are more likely to copy behaviors if they see others rewarded

54
Q

Ratio level of measurement

A

There are a range of quantitative responses ordered at equally spaced intervals and with it being possible to score 0

55
Q

Difference between assimilation and integration?

A

In assimilation one rejects their native culture while in integration they identify with both the new and native cultures

56
Q

Relative deprivation theory

A

Individuals who perceive themselves as having less than others will act in ways obtain these resources

57
Q

General strain theory

A

Individuals who have experienced negative events feel negative emotions which lead to negative behaviors

MCAT (5 decks)

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