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Step 2 CK UW > 7/22/16 > Flashcards

7/22/16 Flashcards

1
Q

abx for uncomplicated UTI

A

nitrofurantoin for 3 days

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2
Q

abx for pyelonephritis until culture results are known

A

amp and gent

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3
Q

abx for acute prostatitis until culture results are known

A

TMP/SMX or fluoroquinolones (-floxacin)

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4
Q

what two organisms if found in blood culture in a pt with bacterial endocarditis should be followed by colonoscopy?

A

clostridium septicum and strep bovis

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5
Q

in who should you suspect strep viridans endocarditis and what is the tx?

A

pts with previously damaged heart valves; ceftriaxone

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6
Q

abx for culture negative endocarditis

A

ceftriaxone

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7
Q

most common neurological manifestations of Lyme disease

A

bilateral facial nerve (CN7) or Bell palsy (can also cause encephalitis or meningitis)

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8
Q

most common cardiac manifestation of Lyme disease

A

transient AV heart block

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9
Q

tx of cardiac or neurologic manifestations of Lyme disease other than facial nerve (CN7) palsy

A

ceftriaxone (doxycycline in earlier stages)

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10
Q

abx for neonatal meningitis

A

amp and gent

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11
Q

abx for adult meningitis

A

ceftriaxone and vancomycin

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12
Q

gram positive cocci in pairs vs gram negative cocci in pairs

A

gram positive diplococci: strep pneumo

gram negative diplococci: neisseria

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13
Q

gram negative coccobacilli (small rods)

A

haemophilus

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14
Q

plump gram negative rod with thick capsule (mucoid appearance)

A

klebsiella

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15
Q

gram positive rods that form spores

A

clostridium, bacillus

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16
Q

fluoroquinolones that provide atypical pneumonia coverage

A

levofloxacin and moxifloxacin

17
Q

abx for community-acquired pneumonia

A

macrolide (azithromycin, clarithromycin), doxycycline, third-generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone, ceftazidime) with a macrolide or doxycycline

18
Q

how to identify and tx H. influenzae pneumonia

A

gram negative coccobacilli on sputum gram stain; amoxicillin or second- (cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefotetan) or third-generation (ceftriaxone, cefazidime) cephalosporin

19
Q

what organisms cause pneumonia in cystic fibrosis pts?

A

staph aureus and pseudomonas

20
Q

currant jelly sputum pneumonia

A

klebsiella

21
Q

abx for pseudomonas

A

ticarcillin, piperacillin plus beta lactamase inhibitor (clavulanic acid or tazobactam)

22
Q

pneumonia with positive cold agglutinin antibody titers

A

mycoplasma

23
Q

tx for pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP)

A

TMP/SMX

24
Q

tx for CMV pneumonia

A

valganciclovir

25
Q

pneumonia after exposure to a parrot or exotic bird

A

chlamydophila psittaci

26
Q

fungus ball/hemoptysis after TB or cavitary lung disease

A

aspergillus

27
Q

fever, muscle pain, eosinophilia, and periorbital edema after eating raw meat

A

trichinella spiralis

28
Q

cellulitis after dog/cat bites (organism and ppx)

A

pasteurella multocida; amox-clav to anyone who gets a bite

29
Q

tiny white spots on buccal mucosa 3 days after fever, cough, runny nose and conjunctivitis in an unimmunized pt

A

rubeola (measles)

30
Q

medications that improve long-term survival in pts with left systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction less than 40%)

A

ACE-i/ARBs, beta blockers, aldosterone antagonists (combination of hydralazine and nitrates in African-American pts)

31
Q

what are two problems encountered by female pts with primary hypothyroidism?

A

menstrual irregularities (due to decreased FSH and LH) and hyperprolactinemia (TRH-incuced stimulation of lactotrophs)

32
Q

when does the first-line tocolytic change? what are they (name and type of medication)?

A

less than 32 weeks: indomethacin (COX inhibitor)

32-34 weeks: nifedipine (calcium channel blocker)

33
Q

a mom develops FLUSHING, headache, tachycardia, palpitations after receiving a tocolytic. what medication (name and type) was she given?)

A

nifedipine (calcium channel blocker) causes peripheral vasodilation which leads to these side effects

34
Q

what are the side effects of indomethacin when it is used as a tocolytic? compare maternal vs fetal

A

maternal: gastritis, platelet dysfunction
fetal: oligohydramnios, closure of ductus arteriosus

35
Q

what kind of drug is terbutaline and what is a dangerous side effect?

A

beta agonist used as second-line tocolytic; pulmonary edema

36
Q

dx and tx for pts who have yellowish streaks on their palms, milky and opalescent blood samples, and who presents with pancreatitis after partying

A

hypertriglyceridemia; fenofibrate

37
Q

combination OCPs increase the risk for ________ and decrease the risk for ________

A

increase: breast and cervical cancer (slightly), HTN, venous thrombosis
decrease: endometrial and ovarian cancer

38
Q

what is the initial tx for torsades de pointes?

A

magnesium sulfate

Step 2 CK UW (12 decks)

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