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Question 1

Automated systems

Answer 1

An automated system uses sensors (detect inputs), microprocessors and actuators that are programmed to work automatically

Question 2

sensors

Answer 2

are input devices that take reading from the surroundings and send the data to the microprocessor. Converted into digital formate by ADC (analogue digital converter)

Question 3

actuators

Answer 3

are a form of an output, usually signals are sent to the actuator to control a certain thing

Question 4

Microprocessors

Answer 4

responsible for processing instructions in an automated system (take any necessary action based on program)

Question 5

Name 5 scenarios or industries that use automated systems

Answer 5

Industry, transport, agriculture, Weather, gaming, lighting, science

Question 6

Name advantages of using automated systems

Answer 6

• Fewer people required
• Work 24 hours a day
• Are able to work faster/more accurately than people in many tasks
• Are able to work in more dangerous enviroments

Question 7

Name disadvantages of using automated systems

Answer 7

• High costs to purchase equipment
• Fewer jobs available for people to apply to
• Mistakes made by machines may be harmful
• Possibility of cyberattacks which can change the system

Question 8

Robotics def

Answer 8

Robotics is a branch of computer science that incorporates the design, construction and operation of robots

Question 9

Three characteristics of robots

Answer 9

• A mechanical structure or framework
• Electrical components, such as sensors, microprocessors and actuators
  -Programmable

Question 10

Name different areas where robots
are used

Answer 10

Industry- manufacturing of food and products
Transport- self driving trains and cars
Agriculture- sowing, fertilising, harvest and picking
Medicine- testing and surgery
Domestic- robot vacuum cleaners and lawn mowers
Entertainment- toys, robot servers

Question 11

common advantages for robots

Answer 11

• Reduces the cost / need for humans to do the task
• Works faster
• Is more accurate / efficient
• Is able to work in dangerous environments / reduces the risks to humans
• Is able to work 24 x 7 / works without a break

Question 12

common disadvantages for robots

Answer 12

• The cost of purchasing the robot
• The robot being unreliable / less reliable than a human
• The robot not doing as good a job as a human
• Jobs being lost as a result of the robot
• poeple loose contact with humans

Question 13

Artificial inteligence (AI)

Answer 13

AI is a branch of computer science which deals with simulation of intelligent behaviours by computers

Question 14

Characteristic of AI

Answer 14

• Collection of data
• Rules for using the data
• The ability to reason
• The ability to learn or adapt

Question 15

Expert systems

Answer 15

An expert system is a computer program that simulates a human expert
Expert systems are made up of:
-A knowledge base
-A rule base
-An inference engine
-An interface

Question 16

Knowledge base and rule base

Answer 16

The knowledge base and rule base are like a database that stores a set of facts and rules

Question 17

Inference engine

Answer 17

Controls the steps taken to solve the problem
Forward chaining – give a number of facts to the system which the inference engine then uses to reach new facts
Backward chaining – give a goal and then determine the facts that are needed to reach a goal

Question 18

Interface

Answer 18

method in which users communicate with the expert system

Question 19

Machine learning

Answer 19

Machine learning is where a program is able to automatically adapt its own processes or data