6.Organic molecules (FUNCTIONAL GROUPS)

Question 1

Give the functional group for an alkane and give the suffix

Answer 1

There is no functional group
-ane

Question 2

Give the functional group for an alkene and give the suffix

Answer 2

C=C
-ene

Question 3

Give the functional group for an alcohol and give the prefix and suffix

Answer 3

R-O-H
-hydroxy (prefix)
-ol (suffix)

Question 4

Give the functional group for a carboxylic acid

Answer 4

COOH
C double bonded to O on top. C single bonded to O-H on bottom
-oic acid

Question 5

Give the functional group for a halogenoalkane and give the prefix

Answer 5

R-x
chloro-
bromo
iodo-

Question 6

Give the functional group for an aldehyde and give the suffix

Answer 6

COH
-> O double bonded to C on one brach, H on the other
- al

Question 7

Give the functional group for a ketone and give the suffix

Answer 7

C=O
–> Functional group has to be in the middle of 2 carbons - can’t be at the end with a hydrogen
-one

Question 8

Give the functional group a nitrile

Answer 8

C≡N

Question 9

Give the functional group for an amine + suffix

Answer 9

N-H-H
amine

Question 10

What is a branched alkane + prefix

Answer 10

Alkane attached to another alkane
-yl ( eg methyl)

Question 11

Describe the rules for naming compounds using IUPAC system

Answer 11

1) Find and name longest continuous carbon chain (not always horizontal)
2)Functional group tells your prefix / suffix
3) number the carbon chain so that the functional group sits on lowest possible carbon number
4) Make note of carbon number attached to functional group. Place this number before suffix eg: Butan-1-ol
3) any side chains (methyl with 1 carbon, ethyl with 2 etc) are added as a prefix in alphabetical order
—> if more than 1 side chain use di, tri or tetra before that part of name - be sure to include number as well eg: 2,4- dimethylpentan-1-ol

Question 12

Define homologous series

Answer 12

Organic compounds that have the same functional group and general formula so they have similar chemical properties

Question 13

Define what is meant by the general formula

Answer 13

An algebraic formula that can describe any member of a homologous group
e.g. CnH2n+2

Question 14

Describe what is meant by the structural formula

Answer 14

a formula that shows the arrangement of atoms in the molecule of a compound.
e.g. CH3CH2CH2OH

Question 15

Describe what is meant by the displayed formula

Answer 15

Shows every atom and every bond in an organic compound

Question 16

What is a skeletal formula

Answer 16

Skeletal formula shows the bonds of carbon skeleton only with functional group.

/\/\OH

Eg: this has 4 carbons and an alcohol (c1, c2, c3, c4 at top and bottom of lines )

Question 17

Give the name that corresponds to the number of carbons

Answer 17

Meth - 1
Eth - 2
Prop - 3
But - 4
Pent - 5
Hex - 6
Hept - 7
Oct - 8
Non - 0
Dec - 10

Question 18

What does brackets show in the structural formula
eg: CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH3

Answer 18

Shows the branched alkane attached to the alkane