6C Flashcards
Factors effecting the rate of celluar respiration
1.Too high or too low temperatures
2.PH levels below or above optium
- Not enough glucose
4.Not enoguh oxygen
- Enzyme inhibition
How does temperature affect the rate of cellular respiration
Temperatures below optimal, means that enzymes and substrates have less kinetic energy, therefore there are fewer reaction inducing collisons, resulting in enzyes becoming inactive decreasing the rate of cellular respiraton because enzymes will not be able to catlyase cellular repsiration
Whereas, temperatures above the optimal cause enzymes to begin to denature, thereofre enzymes are unable to function and catalyse cellular respiration, causing the rate to decrease
at optimal increases rate
How does PH affect the rate of cellular respiration
PH levels above or below the optium causes enzymes to denature, decreasing the rate of cellular respiration
PH levels at optium increases the rate of cellular respiration
How does the PH levels vary in different parts of the cell
The cytoplasm has a PH of 7.2, whereas the matrix of the mitochondria has a PH of 7.8
How does glucose concentration affect the rate of cellular respiraton
If glucose levels are low, glycolysis slows down because less glucose gets broken down into pyruvate, which will subsequently slow down the Krebs cycle and electrn transport chain
High amounts of glucose will increase the rate of ATP production, however once the saturation point of glucose is reached a plateau will occur.
how does oxygen concentration affect the rate of cellular respiration
Low oxygen concetration results in anaerobic respiratio
The more oxygen that is available, the faster ATP production there is until the saturation point
When the saturation point is met, what does this indicate
enzymes are working at maximum capacity
How does enzyme inhibiton/non competitive inhibitors affect the rate of cellular respiration?
Non competitive inhibitors will bind to an allosteric site,causing a conformation change to the active site of the enzyme, preventing substrate from binding, therefore decreasing the rate of cellular respiration permanently
Whereas, competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of the enzyme to block the substrate from binding, decreasing the rate of cellular respiration temporarily( soreversible [rocess because substrate concentraiton is increased, the competiive inhibitors can be outcompeted by the substrate, increasing the rate of cellular respiration
Therefore as the concentration of inhibitors increases, the rate of photosytheniss decreaes
compare how te cytsol, matrix of mitochondria and cristae of mitochondria affected byv PH
Different enzymes function optimally at different pHs. For example, the cytoplasm
typically has a pH of around 7.2, so the enzymes involved in glycolysis (which occurs in
the cytoplasm) function optimally under this condition. The intermembrane space of the
mitochondria usually has a pH of around 7.0-7.4, while the matrix has a pH of 7.8. For this
reason, the enzymes that support reactions at these locations may have slightly different
optimal pH levels
cyanide poisoning
cyanide binds to the allosteric site to change the active site of cyanide poisoning, causing an irreversible change, preventing the substrate from binding to cyanide c oxidase, decreasing the rate of aerobic cellular respiration
Why could enzyme inhibition be beneficial
Enzyme inhibtion could be benefical for processes to occur onlywhen required to prevent overproduction of a substance, for example competiive inhibiton temproarilty blocks the active site of the enzyme, allowing reactions to continuewhne conditions imporve or when the process is required to occur. For example, allosteric reversible inhibtioninhibits enzymes to pause ATP production when the cell has produced enough ATP to prevent unnsescarry ATP production, ensuring ATP production meets the cells needs, enhancing overall cell effienecy.
end-product inhibition
a form of
inhibition where the final product
in a series of reactions inhibits an
enzyme in an earlier reaction in
the sequence
