6A-Aeorbic celluar respiration Flashcards
The mitochondrion
a a double-membrane-bound organelle that is the site where cellular respiraton(krebs and etc) occurs
cellular respiration
the process by
which cells create usable energy
in the form of ATP from a series of
biochemical reactions, involving
the breakdown of glucose
What is glucose
simple 6-carbon
sugar molecule that is the amin produce of photosythensis and is the main energy source in aerobic celluar respiration and anaerobic respiration
Why is glucose broken down/why does cellular respiration occur
Glucose carries to much energy, that it cannot be useful in biochemical reactions in cells, therefore cellular respiration has to occur by breaking the energy stored in glucose down
What are the ways that glucose can be broken down to produce ATP
aerobic cellular respiration
anaerobic fermentation
Difference between aerobic cellular respiration and anaerobic fermentation
Aerobic cellular respiration requires oxygen, whereas
anaerobic fermentation does not.
ATP
adenosine triphosphate,
a high energy molecule that,
when broken down, provides
energy for cellular processes
aerobic cellular respiration
cellular respiration that occurs in
the presence of oxygen. Involves
three stages, during which glucose
and O2 are converted into 30 or 32 ATP,
CO2, and water
anaerobic fermentation
a metabolic pathway that occurs
in the absence of oxygen. Involves
glycolysis, followed by further
reactions that convert pyruvate
into lactic acid in animals, or
ethanol and CO2 in yeast
what is the formula for cellular aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6 O2—–6C02+ 6 H2O+ 30 or 32 ATP
compare anaerobic fermentation and aerobic celluar respiration
Anaerobic fermentation produces only 2 ATP—but aerobic cellular respiration produces 30 OR 32 ATP
anaerobic pathwya produces harmful products, lactic acid or ethanol that the cells quickly diposes of before it accumaltes, wherase aerobic celluar respiraiton does not
anaerobic fermentation pathway is different in yeast and
plants compared to animals, whereas the aerobic cellular respiration pathway remains the
same in both.
anaerobic fermentation does not require oxygen, whereas aerobic celluar respiration does require oxygne
what would happen if lactic acid or ethanol accumulated in the cell
Lactic acid or ethanol could building up could lower PH levels within the cell, therefore disrupting the cells internal environment—-therefore this change in PH if dcereases to below optium could cause enzyme denaturation decreasing the rate of anaeoric fermnetaion because enzymes willnot be functioning therefore not be able to catalasethe reaction
High concentrations of lactic acid and ethanol can be toxic to cells, as they can damage cells and impairc elluar function therefore, leading to cell disfunction or apoptosis, therefore the entire anaerobic pathway cannot occur so ATP caanot be produced
what does it mean if the cell undergoes anaerobic fermentation instead of aerobic respiration
it may indicate that the cell did not have enough oxygen to carry out aerobic celluar respriaiton or the cell required energy to be produced quickyl/immeditely
equation for lactic acid fermentation in animals
glucose—-Lactic acid + ATP
equation Plants and yeast: alcohol fermentation
Glucose—-Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + ATP
Aerobic cellular respiration stages:
1 Glycolysis
2 The Krebs cycle
3 The electron transport chain
glycolysis
the first stage of
aerobic cellular respiration and anaerobic fermenration in which glucose is broken down into to two pyruvate molecules, creating two ATP and two NADH molecules in the process
Krebs cycle
the second stage of
aerobic cellular respiration, where multiple reactions occur to create ATP, NADH, FADH2, and the waste product CO2. Also known as the citric acid cycle or TCA cycle