6A&6B Flashcards
What is homeostasis
maintiNCE OF THE CONditions of the internal environment within narrow limits
What is the optimum temperature, for hometoaiss
36.5 to 37.5, degrees
What is the optimum PH for hometoaiss
PH is 7.35 to 7.45
What is the optimum blood glucose levels for hometoaiss
4.0-7.8mmol/L
What is the optimum sodium concetraiton for hometaoisis
135-145mmol/L
what is the optium potassium concentraton
3.5-5.0mmol/L
What is the stimulus response model
describes how an internal stimulus can be detected and appriapote response can be made—
how is the stimulus response model produced
-this system is produced by the effector that reverseres the stimuli
What are the 5 parts that make up the stimulus response model
stimulus
receptor
modulator
effector
response
Explain how sweating occurs within reference to the stimulus repsonse mode
1.Stimulus—high temperature
2. Receptor–thermorecerptors on the skin regulating BT
3.Modulator–hypothemaulus responds y targetting sweat galnds
4.Effector—sweat glands increase water production for heat to evaporate
5.response-sweating to decrease body temperature
Explain how shivering occurs with reference to the stimulus response model
1.Stimulus-changes in temperature(cold tmep)
2.Receptor-thermoreceptors in skin detect the heat
3.Modulator=hypothemalusus responds by targetting brain
- Effector-brain sends a message to skeletal muscles
5.response-response is to shiver in order to increase BT
Explain how you pat a dog with reference to the stimulus response model
1.stimulus-cute dog
2.recetpro-the cells of your eye detect the light that they’re recievieng from your environment
3.modulator-your brain interpets these light signals as a dog and sends signals to the muslces of your arm
4.effector the muslces of your arm contract and extend
5.response-you pat the dog
Different types of recetpors
- thermoreceptors-
2.noicreceptors-
3.barorecetpors-
4.chemoreceptors-
5.photorecrptors-
thermoreceptors-
detects the change in temp via thre reprcots on the skin and sends a message to the modulator(hytpthemsylus)
noicreceptors
detects painful stimuli
.barorecetpors
detects chnages in pressure
.chemoreceptors
detects changes in chemical concentration
photorecrptors
detects changes in light
Vasoconstriction
(muscles tightening your blood vessels to shrink the space inside)
●Vasodilation
the widening of blood vessels as a result of the relaxation of the blood vessel’s muscular walls.
The 4 types of heat transfer
1.conduction
2.evaporaiton
3.convection
4.evaporation
5. radiation
conduction
transfer of haet throuhg physical conctact eg. heat from a hot mug transffereed to your hands
evaporation
loss of heat when water transforms into gas eg.sweating on skin evaporates
convcetion
transfer of heat via the movement of a liquid of a gas between the areas od diffreent temperatures eg. sweating on the skin evaporates
radiation
transfer heat through electromagnetic waves(no contact required) eg. sun warms you through radiation
negative feedabckk
a response that is the reverse of the change detected (it functions to reduce the change)
negaitve feebdkac exmaple provide
The set point for temperature is 37°C. The stimulus detected is an increase in temperature and the response is to sweat to increase evaporation from the skin and decrease body temperature.
positive feebdack
Occurs when the response increases the initial stimulus.
is positive rare and is it apart of hooemtosiss
it is rare but not part of homeostatisis
example of psotiive fedeack
Labour contractions increasing the diameter of the cervix for birth.
hormone
chemical messenger produced by an organism.
s
stimulus response model of a person with hyperthyrdoism prudicng T3 and T4
- stimulus-change in a variet of factors eg, temp
- Receptor-hypotheamulsu release thyotrophin(TRH)
- Modulator-anterior pituairty gland releases thyroid stimualting hormone(TSH)
- EFFECTOR-thyroid gland
- response-release T3 and T4
stimulus response model of a normal person producing T3 and T4
- stimulus-change in a variet of factors eg, temp
- Receptor-hypotheamulsu release thyotrophin(TRH)—NEGATIVE FEEDBACK INHIBITION OF TRH
- Modulator-anterior pituairty gland releases thyroid stimualting hormone(TSH)—NEGATIVE FEEDBACK INHIBITION OF TSH SECRETION
- EFFECTOR-thyroid gland
- response-release T3 and T4
GRAPH RELATED QUESTION-why does someone with type 1 diabetes blood glucose levels not drop and stay high?
someone with type 1 diabetes have high blood glucose levels which do not drop because antigens attack their beta cells which produce insulin, thus insulin is not produced causing blood glucose levels to stay high
how do beta blockers work
beta blockers block the relase of TSH and TRH
different between production of thryoid homrones in someone with hyperthyrodism and somoene wihtout hyprehtyroidsm
someone with hyperhtyodims will contiously produc t3 and t4 hormones, whereas a normal person in negative feedback inhibition of TRH and TSH secretiion happens
what is feedback inhibition
type of negative feedback that can be used to control metabolic pathways by blocking an enzyme from its previous phase in the sequence.
