6.9-6.10

Question 1

the transition to parenthood

Answer 1

it requires adaptation.
+material satisfaction may be affected
+the gender gap in the parenting workload tend to emerge
+anxiety and depression in the last trimester may be related to the internalizing and externalizing problems in infants

Question 2

reciprocal socialization

Answer 2

is the socialization that is bidirectional; children
socialize with parents just as parents socialize with children. These reciprocal interchanges and mutual influence processes are sometimes referred to as transactional.

Question 3

scaffolding

Answer 3

parents’ time interactions so that infants
experience turn-taking with parents.

Question 4

managing and guiding infant’s behavior 2stps

Answer 4

(1) being proactive and childproofing the environment so infants won’t encounter potentially dangerous objects or situations, and

(2) engaging in corrective methods when infants engage in undesirable behaviors such as excessive fussing and crying, throwing objects, and so on

Question 5

maternal and paternal caregiving

Answer 5

+the maternal interaction center on the child care activities

+paternal interaction to be play-centered

Question 6

types of child care vary 3

Answer 6

• Large centers and private homes.
• Commercial operations and nonprofit centers.
• Professional operations, and mothers earning extra money.

Question 7

child care -low VS high income

Answer 7

+infants of low-income families receive lower-quality childcare

+high-quality childcare provides a safe environment with age-appropriate toys…
has a low caregiver-to-child ratio and is linked to better cognitive and language skills