6.8 - Exchange Of Gases In The Lungs Flashcards
1
Q
What is pulmonary fibrosis?
A
- Scars form on the pulmonary epithelium, causing them to become irreversibly thickened
- oxygen cannot diffuse properly into the blood
- Reduced elasticity of the lungs
2
Q
What is the cause of pulmonary fibrosis?
A
- Smoking
- Reaction to a microscopic lung injury
3
Q
What are symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis?
(4)
A
- Shortness of breath
- Chronic, dry cough
- Pain and discomfort in the chest
- Weakness and fatigue
4
Q
What is asthma?
A
- Localised allergic reaction
- Allergens cause white blood cells to release histamines in the bronchi and the bronchioles
5
Q
What causes asthma?
(5)
A
- Genetics
- Air pollution
- Stress levels
- Chemicals in food
- ‘cleaner’ lifestyle means we don’t build a tolerance to allergens
6
Q
Symptoms of asthma.
(4)
A
- Difficulty breathing
- Wheezing
- Tight chest
- Coughing
7
Q
What is emphysema?
A
- Develops over around 20 years
- Elastin in lungs has become permanently stretched, so lungs aren’t able to force out all the air for, the alveoli
- Alveoli SA decreases, they sometimes burst
8
Q
Causes of emphysema?
A
Smoking
9
Q
Symptoms of emphysema?
(4)
A
- Shortness of breath
- Shallow, rapid breathing
- Chronic cough
- Bluish skin colouration
10
Q
What is TB?
A
- Bacterial infection spread through inhaling tiny droplets from coughs or sneezes of an infected person
- Mainly effects the lungs
- Can effect any part of the body
11
Q
What are the symptoms of lung TB?
(3)
A
- Coughing
- Chest pain
- Coughing up blood
