6.7 - The Mechanisms Of Breathing Flashcards

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1
Q

Define ventilation

A

Scientific term for breathing - where air is constantly moving in and out of the lungs

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2
Q

Define inspiration

A

Also known as inhalation - occurs when air pressure in the atmosphere is greater than that of the lungs; forcing air into the alveoli

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3
Q

Define expiration

A

Also known as exhalation - occurs when air pressure in the lungs is greater than that in the atmosphere; forcing air out of the alveoli

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4
Q

In inspiration, which muscles contract (2) and which muscles relax (1)

A

CONTRACT :
- external intercostal muscles
- diaphragm

RELAX:
- internal intercostal muscles

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5
Q

In expiration which muscles contract (1) and which muscles relax (2)

A

CONTRACT:
- internal intercostal muscles

RELAX:
- external intercostal muscles
- diaphragm

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6
Q

What happens to the air pressure in the lungs during inspiration and expiration?

A
  • During inspiration the air pressure decreases
  • During expiration the air pressure increases
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7
Q

What happens to lung volume during inspiration and expiration?

A
  • During inspiration the lung volume increases
  • During expiration the lung volume decreases
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8
Q

What is tidal volume?
What is this usually?

A
  • The volume of air normal taken at each breath when the body is at rest.
  • This is usually around 0.5 dm cubed
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9
Q

What is ventilation rate?
What is this usually?

A
  • The number of breaths taken in one minute
  • Normally 12-20 in a healthy adult
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10
Q

What is the pulmonary ventilation equation?

A

Pulmonary ventilation = tidal volume x ventilation rate

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11
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

A sheet of muscle that separates the thorax from the abdomen

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12
Q

What are the intercostal muscles ?

A

These are the muscles between the ribs that allow for the expansion/compression of the thoracic cavity

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