6.6

Question 1

What is homeostasis?

Answer 1

Homeostasis is the ability to maintain a stable internal environment

Question 2

How is homeostasis maintained?

Answer 2

The body has several negative feedback, loops or mechanisms that bring a value back to a sept point

Question 3

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 3

A series of glands that produce hormones that circulate in the bloodstream to targeted tissues

Question 4

How do the endocrine glands know to release hormones?

Answer 4

Sensory neurons send messages to the brain. The brain interprets the message and send a message to the glands to release hormones.

Question 5

What is a hormone?

Answer 5

A lipid based or protein molecule that is secreted into the bloodstream by the endocrine gland, only affects targeted tissues

Question 6

What is thyroxine?

Answer 6

Thyroxine is a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland controls, metabolic rate and body temperature

Question 7

What does two little into much thyroxine lead to

Answer 7

Hyperthyroidism, which is too much and hypothyroidism, which is two little

Question 8

What is leptin?

Answer 8

Leptin is a hormone secreted by adipose (body fat tissues) in the body and its function is to decrease appetite

Question 9

What is one problem encountered with leptin

Answer 9

You can become desensitised to leptin, meaning it does not control your appetite

Question 10

What is melatonin?

Answer 10

Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in the brain regulates the day and night circle levels are highest in night

Question 11

What type of gland is the pancreas?

Answer 11

The pancreas is both endocrine and exocrine

Question 12

What is the role of the exocrine glands?

Answer 12

To send secretions to a specific location via a duct

Question 13

What is the role of endocrine gland?

Answer 13

To secrete hormones that travel through the bloodstream to target tissues

Question 14

Which two hormones are produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas

Answer 14

Insulin and glucagon

Question 15

What cells in the pancreas produce glucogen?

Answer 15

Alpha cells

Question 16

What cells in the pancreas produce insulin?

Answer 16

Beta cells

Question 17

What are two functions of insulin

Answer 17

1: causes liver cells to absorb the glucose from the blood, turning into glycogen, and to store it.
2: causes the glucose protein channels in body cells to open, so that some of the glucose goes into the cell

Question 18

What are the functions of glucagon?

Answer 18

Stimulates the liver cells to turn some stored, glucagon into glucose and release it into the bloodstream

Question 19

Describe type, one diabetes

Answer 19

-The beta cells of the pancreas do not produce enough insulin
-It can be controlled by injections
-It’s around 10% of diabetes cases
-It is an auto immune disease where the body attacks its own beta cells

Question 20

Describe type two diabetes

Answer 20

-Body cell receptors do not respond properly to insulin
-Controlled by diet and exercise
-Around 90% of diabetic cases
-Associated with obesity, lack of exercise, age, ethnicity, and genetic’s

Question 21

What is testosterone responsible for?

Answer 21

-Development of male genitalia during embryonic development
-Development of secondary sex characteristics in puberty
-Sperm production, and sex drive in adulthood

Question 22

How does a person become male or female?

Answer 22

If there are 2X chromosomes the alleles, interact to produce oestrogen and progesterone which result in female development
If there is a Y chromosome present, testosterone is produced and the male reproductive organs form
Embryos don’t show sexual development until eight weeks

Question 23

What is the role of testosterone during puberty?

Answer 23

The growth of facial underarm, chest and pubic hair
-Deepening of the voice
-Increase muscle mass
-Enlargement of penis

Question 24

What are Estridge and and progesterone responsible for during puberty

Answer 24

The enlargement of breasts
-Growth of pubic and underarm hair
-Widening of the hips

Question 25

What is the uterus lined with?

Answer 25

Uterus is lined by highly vascular lining, called the endometrium

Question 26

What happens if there’s no fertilised egg in the endometrium?

Answer 26

The one in my shed, the lining of the endometrium leading to the mental cycle

Question 27

Where do FSH and LH come from?

Answer 27

They come from the pituitary gland and cause the egg to mature

Question 28

Where is the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?

Answer 28

In the brain

Question 29

What is the effect of FSH and LH on the menstrual cycle?

Answer 29

Play trigger before local cells in the ovary to start secreting, oestrogen

Question 30

What are the effects of oestrogen?

Answer 30

-it increases the thickness of the endometrium and tells the pituitary gland to release more FSH and LH

Question 31

What happens to the leftover follicle once the egg is released into the fallopian tube?

Answer 31

It becomes a structure called corpus lumen

Question 32

What does corpus lumen do?

Answer 32

It produces progesterone, which further increases the thickness of the endometrium

Question 33

What does the combination of a surgeon and progesterone do?

Answer 33

It inhibit the production of GnRH, so another follicle doesn’t develop

Question 34

What happens if no pregnancy occurs

Answer 34

The corpus lumen breakdown and progesterone production stops, causing the endometrium to shed

Question 35

What does the drop in progesterone and oestrogen stimulate?

Answer 35

It stimulates the production of GnRH, and a new cycle begins