6.4 definitions

Question 1

define gas exchange

Answer 1

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism or cell and the environment

Question 2

define ventilation

Answer 2

the supply of air to the lungs

Question 3

define ventilation system

Answer 3

the movement of air through the conducting passages between the atmosphere and the lungs

Question 4

define alveoli

Answer 4

tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles where the lungs and blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 5

define passive diffusion

Answer 5

membrane transport that does not require energy from a high to low concentration

Question 6

define pressure gradient

Answer 6

the difference in blood pressure between two points in the vascular system

Question 7

define concentration gradient

Answer 7

the process of particles moving through a solution or gas from an areas with high number of particles to an area with lower particles

Question 8

define pneumocytes

Answer 8

alveolar cells that are found on the surface of the alveoli

Question 9

define types 1 pneumocytes

Answer 9

flattened cells that cover most of the alveolar surface area and from the epithelial glad of the air-blood barrier

Question 10

define type 2 pneumocytes

Answer 10

cubical cells that synthesise and secrete the pulmonary surfactant which covers the alveolar surface and regulates the alveolar surface tension

Question 11

define capillaries

Answer 11

capillaries are delicate blood vessels that exist trough the body

Question 12

define surfactant

Answer 12

a substance that reduces surface tension of a liquid in which it is dissolved

Question 13

define trachea

Answer 13

a large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage

Question 14

define bronchi

Answer 14

major air passage of the lungs diverged from the trachea

Question 15

define bronchioles

Answer 15

a tiny branch of air tubes in the lunch branched of the bronchi

Question 16

define cartilage

Answer 16

a tough flexible tissue that fine structure

Question 17

define boyles law

Answer 17

a gas law that states a gas’s pressure and volume are inversely proportional

Question 18

define inspiration

Answer 18

the drawing in of a breath inhalation

Question 19

define expiration

Answer 19

the exhalation of breath from the lungs

Question 20

define antagonistic pairs

Answer 20

as one muscle contracts the other muscle relaxes or lengthens

Question 21

define diaphragm

Answer 21

a dome shaped muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen. as its contraction increases the volume of the thorax and so inflates the lungs

Question 22

define internal intercostal muscles

Answer 22

pull down on the ribcage and push air out of the lungs

Question 23

external intercostal muscle

Answer 23

move the ribs forward and out wards enlarging the thorax

Question 24

lung cancer

Answer 24

abnormal cows grow in an uncontrolled way in the lungs

Question 25

define emphysema

Answer 25

a lung disease that results from damage to the walls of the alveoli in your lungs

Question 26

define elastase

Answer 26

a pancreatic enzyme which digests elastin

Question 27

define tidal volume

Answer 27

the amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs with each respiratory cycle

Question 28

define tidal volume

Answer 28

the amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs with each respiratory cycle

Question 29

define ventilation rate

Answer 29

the volume of gas entering or leaving the lungs in a given amount of time