6.5: Plasticity and functional recovery of the brain after trauma Flashcards
Discuss what research has shown about plasticity and/or functional recovery of the brain after trauma/discuss research into plasticity of the brain including functional recovery (16 marks)
Plasticity (also referred to as neuroplasticity or cortical remapping) is the brain’s tendency to change and adapt, functionally and physically, as a result of experience and new learning, but there is also a natural decline in cognitive functioning with age due to changes in the brain
Discuss what research has shown about plasticity and/or functional recovery of the brain after trauma/discuss research into plasticity of the brain including functional recovery (16 marks).
Plasticity (also referred to as neuroplasticity or cortical remapping) is the brain’s tendency to change and adapt, functionally and physically, as a result of experience and new learning, but there is also a natural decline in cognitive functioning with age due to changes in the brain.
Eleanor Maguire et al. (2000) studied the brains of London taxi drivers and found significantly more volume of grey matter in the posterior hippocampus than in a matched control group.
This part of the brain is associated with the development of spatial and navigational skills in humans and other animals
Discuss what research has shown about plasticity and/or functional recovery of the brain after trauma/discuss research into plasticity of the brain including functional recovery (16 marks).
Plasticity (also referred to as neuroplasticity or cortical remapping) is the brain’s tendency to change and adapt, functionally and physically, as a result of experience and new learning, but there is also a natural decline in cognitive functioning with age due to changes in the brain.
Eleanor Maguire et al. (2000) studied the brains of London taxi drivers and found significantly more volume of grey matter in the posterior hippocampus than in a matched control group.
This part of the brain is associated with the development of spatial and navigational skills in humans and other animals.
What does this show?
This shows that the brain can permanently change in response to frequent exposure to a particular task
Discuss what research has shown about plasticity and/or functional recovery of the brain after trauma/discuss research into plasticity of the brain including functional recovery (16 marks).
Plasticity (also referred to as neuroplasticity or cortical remapping) is the brain’s tendency to change and adapt, functionally and physically, as a result of experience and new learning, but there is also a natural decline in cognitive functioning with age due to changes in the brain.
Eleanor Maguire et al. (2000) studied the brains of London taxi drivers and found significantly more volume of grey matter in the posterior hippocampus than in a matched control group.
This part of the brain is associated with the development of spatial and navigational skills in humans and other animals.
This shows that the brain can permanently change in response to frequent exposure to a particular task.
A similar finding was observed by Draganski et al, who imaged the brains of medical students 3 months before and after their final exams.
Learning induced changes were seen to have occurred in the posterior hippocampus and the parietal cortex, presumably as a result of the exams
Discuss what research has shown about plasticity and/or functional recovery of the brain after trauma/discuss research into plasticity of the brain including functional recovery (16 marks).
Plasticity (also referred to as neuroplasticity or cortical remapping) is the brain’s tendency to change and adapt, functionally and physically, as a result of experience and new learning, but there is also a natural decline in cognitive functioning with age due to changes in the brain.
Eleanor Maguire et al. (2000) studied the brains of London taxi drivers and found significantly more volume of grey matter in the posterior hippocampus than in a matched control group.
This part of the brain is associated with the development of spatial and navigational skills in humans and other animals.
This shows that the brain can permanently change in response to frequent exposure to a particular task.
A similar finding was observed by Draganski et al, who imaged the brains of medical students 3 months before and after their final exams.
Learning induced changes were seen to have occurred in the posterior hippocampus and the parietal cortex, presumably as a result of the exams.
What does this show?
This shows that plasticity can occur as a result of learning
Discuss what research has shown about plasticity and/or functional recovery of the brain after trauma/discuss research into plasticity of the brain including functional recovery (16 marks).
Plasticity (also referred to as neuroplasticity or cortical remapping) is the brain’s tendency to change and adapt, functionally and physically, as a result of experience and new learning, but there is also a natural decline in cognitive functioning with age due to changes in the brain.
Eleanor Maguire et al. (2000) studied the brains of London taxi drivers and found significantly more volume of grey matter in the posterior hippocampus than in a matched control group.
This part of the brain is associated with the development of spatial and navigational skills in humans and other animals.
This shows that the brain can permanently change in response to frequent exposure to a particular task.
A similar finding was observed by Draganski et al, who imaged the brains of medical students 3 months before and after their final exams.
Learning induced changes were seen to have occurred in the posterior hippocampus and the parietal cortex, presumably as a result of the exams.
This shows that plasticity can occur as a result of learning.
Functional recovery is a form of plasticity and it is the brain’s ability to redistribute or transfer functions usually performed by a damaged area(s) to other, undamaged area(s), following damage through trauma
Discuss what research has shown about plasticity and/or functional recovery of the brain after trauma/discuss research into plasticity of the brain including functional recovery (16 marks).
Plasticity (also referred to as neuroplasticity or cortical remapping) is the brain’s tendency to change and adapt, functionally and physically, as a result of experience and new learning, but there is also a natural decline in cognitive functioning with age due to changes in the brain.
Eleanor Maguire et al. (2000) studied the brains of London taxi drivers and found significantly more volume of grey matter in the posterior hippocampus than in a matched control group.
This part of the brain is associated with the development of spatial and navigational skills in humans and other animals.
This shows that the brain can permanently change in response to frequent exposure to a particular task.
A similar finding was observed by Draganski et al, who imaged the brains of medical students 3 months before and after their final exams.
Learning induced changes were seen to have occurred in the posterior hippocampus and the parietal cortex, presumably as a result of the exams.
This shows that plasticity can occur as a result of learning.
Functional recovery is a form of plasticity and it is the brain’s ability to redistribute or transfer functions usually performed by a damaged area(s) to other, undamaged area(s), following damage through trauma.
First AO3 PEEL paragraph
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the brain is the most plastic during infancy, since neural connections are the most plastic then
Discuss what research has shown about plasticity and/or functional recovery of the brain after trauma/discuss research into plasticity of the brain including functional recovery (16 marks).
Plasticity (also referred to as neuroplasticity or cortical remapping) is the brain’s tendency to change and adapt, functionally and physically, as a result of experience and new learning, but there is also a natural decline in cognitive functioning with age due to changes in the brain.
Eleanor Maguire et al. (2000) studied the brains of London taxi drivers and found significantly more volume of grey matter in the posterior hippocampus than in a matched control group.
This part of the brain is associated with the development of spatial and navigational skills in humans and other animals.
This shows that the brain can permanently change in response to frequent exposure to a particular task.
A similar finding was observed by Draganski et al, who imaged the brains of medical students 3 months before and after their final exams.
Learning induced changes were seen to have occurred in the posterior hippocampus and the parietal cortex, presumably as a result of the exams.
This shows that plasticity can occur as a result of learning.
Functional recovery is a form of plasticity and it is the brain’s ability to redistribute or transfer functions usually performed by a damaged area(s) to other, undamaged area(s), following damage through trauma.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the brain is the most plastic during infancy, since neural connections are the most plastic then.
This is illustrated by Danielli et al’s case of EB.
EB had an operation when he was 2 and a half years old, where virtually all of his left hemisphere was removed.
Despite this, a follow-up of EB when he was aged 17 compared his language abilities with normal controls and it was found that his right hemisphere had compensated for his left hemisphere and he was functioning well linguistically
Discuss what research has shown about plasticity and/or functional recovery of the brain after trauma/discuss research into plasticity of the brain including functional recovery (16 marks).
Plasticity (also referred to as neuroplasticity or cortical remapping) is the brain’s tendency to change and adapt, functionally and physically, as a result of experience and new learning, but there is also a natural decline in cognitive functioning with age due to changes in the brain.
Eleanor Maguire et al. (2000) studied the brains of London taxi drivers and found significantly more volume of grey matter in the posterior hippocampus than in a matched control group.
This part of the brain is associated with the development of spatial and navigational skills in humans and other animals.
This shows that the brain can permanently change in response to frequent exposure to a particular task.
A similar finding was observed by Draganski et al, who imaged the brains of medical students 3 months before and after their final exams.
Learning induced changes were seen to have occurred in the posterior hippocampus and the parietal cortex, presumably as a result of the exams.
This shows that plasticity can occur as a result of learning.
Functional recovery is a form of plasticity and it is the brain’s ability to redistribute or transfer functions usually performed by a damaged area(s) to other, undamaged area(s), following damage through trauma.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the brain is the most plastic during infancy, since neural connections are the most plastic then.
This is illustrated by Danielli et al’s case of EB.
EB had an operation when he was 2 and a half years old, where virtually all of his left hemisphere was removed.
Despite this, a follow-up of EB when he was aged 17 compared his language abilities with normal controls and it was found that his right hemisphere had compensated for his left hemisphere and he was functioning well linguistically.
Scans of EB’s brain showed that his brain activity was practically identical to normal controls, showing functional recovery, as EB was able to cortically remap his missing hemisphere
Discuss what research has shown about plasticity and/or functional recovery of the brain after trauma/discuss research into plasticity of the brain including functional recovery (16 marks).
Plasticity (also referred to as neuroplasticity or cortical remapping) is the brain’s tendency to change and adapt, functionally and physically, as a result of experience and new learning, but there is also a natural decline in cognitive functioning with age due to changes in the brain.
Eleanor Maguire et al. (2000) studied the brains of London taxi drivers and found significantly more volume of grey matter in the posterior hippocampus than in a matched control group.
This part of the brain is associated with the development of spatial and navigational skills in humans and other animals.
This shows that the brain can permanently change in response to frequent exposure to a particular task.
A similar finding was observed by Draganski et al, who imaged the brains of medical students 3 months before and after their final exams.
Learning induced changes were seen to have occurred in the posterior hippocampus and the parietal cortex, presumably as a result of the exams.
This shows that plasticity can occur as a result of learning.
Functional recovery is a form of plasticity and it is the brain’s ability to redistribute or transfer functions usually performed by a damaged area(s) to other, undamaged area(s), following damage through trauma.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the brain is the most plastic during infancy, since neural connections are the most plastic then.
This is illustrated by Danielli et al’s case of EB.
EB had an operation when he was 2 and a half years old, where virtually all of his left hemisphere was removed.
Despite this, a follow-up of EB when he was aged 17 compared his language abilities with normal controls and it was found that his right hemisphere had compensated for his left hemisphere and he was functioning well linguistically.
Scans of EB’s brain showed that his brain activity was practically identical to normal controls, showing functional recovery, as EB was able to cortically remap his missing hemisphere.
What does this show?
This shows that if you’re young enough, the brain can alter significantly
Discuss what research has shown about plasticity and/or functional recovery of the brain after trauma/discuss research into plasticity of the brain including functional recovery (16 marks).
Plasticity (also referred to as neuroplasticity or cortical remapping) is the brain’s tendency to change and adapt, functionally and physically, as a result of experience and new learning, but there is also a natural decline in cognitive functioning with age due to changes in the brain.
Eleanor Maguire et al. (2000) studied the brains of London taxi drivers and found significantly more volume of grey matter in the posterior hippocampus than in a matched control group.
This part of the brain is associated with the development of spatial and navigational skills in humans and other animals.
This shows that the brain can permanently change in response to frequent exposure to a particular task.
A similar finding was observed by Draganski et al, who imaged the brains of medical students 3 months before and after their final exams.
Learning induced changes were seen to have occurred in the posterior hippocampus and the parietal cortex, presumably as a result of the exams.
This shows that plasticity can occur as a result of learning.
Functional recovery is a form of plasticity and it is the brain’s ability to redistribute or transfer functions usually performed by a damaged area(s) to other, undamaged area(s), following damage through trauma.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the brain is the most plastic during infancy, since neural connections are the most plastic then.
This is illustrated by Danielli et al’s case of EB.
EB had an operation when he was 2 and a half years old, where virtually all of his left hemisphere was removed.
Despite this, a follow-up of EB when he was aged 17 compared his language abilities with normal controls and it was found that his right hemisphere had compensated for his left hemisphere and he was functioning well linguistically.
Scans of EB’s brain showed that his brain activity was practically identical to normal controls, showing functional recovery, as EB was able to cortically remap his missing hemisphere.
This shows that if you’re young enough, the brain can alter significantly.
Second AO3 PEEL paragraph
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, plasticity can occur at any age
Discuss what research has shown about plasticity and/or functional recovery of the brain after trauma/discuss research into plasticity of the brain including functional recovery (16 marks).
Plasticity (also referred to as neuroplasticity or cortical remapping) is the brain’s tendency to change and adapt, functionally and physically, as a result of experience and new learning, but there is also a natural decline in cognitive functioning with age due to changes in the brain.
Eleanor Maguire et al. (2000) studied the brains of London taxi drivers and found significantly more volume of grey matter in the posterior hippocampus than in a matched control group.
This part of the brain is associated with the development of spatial and navigational skills in humans and other animals.
This shows that the brain can permanently change in response to frequent exposure to a particular task.
A similar finding was observed by Draganski et al, who imaged the brains of medical students 3 months before and after their final exams.
Learning induced changes were seen to have occurred in the posterior hippocampus and the parietal cortex, presumably as a result of the exams.
This shows that plasticity can occur as a result of learning.
Functional recovery is a form of plasticity and it is the brain’s ability to redistribute or transfer functions usually performed by a damaged area(s) to other, undamaged area(s), following damage through trauma.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the brain is the most plastic during infancy, since neural connections are the most plastic then.
This is illustrated by Danielli et al’s case of EB.
EB had an operation when he was 2 and a half years old, where virtually all of his left hemisphere was removed.
Despite this, a follow-up of EB when he was aged 17 compared his language abilities with normal controls and it was found that his right hemisphere had compensated for his left hemisphere and he was functioning well linguistically.
Scans of EB’s brain showed that his brain activity was practically identical to normal controls, showing functional recovery, as EB was able to cortically remap his missing hemisphere.
This shows that if you’re young enough, the brain can alter significantly.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, plasticity can occur at any age.
How is this shown?
This is shown by Boyke et al, who found that in 60 year olds taught a new skill of juggling, they had an increase in grey matter in their visual cortex, but the changes were reversed when they stopped practising
Discuss what research has shown about plasticity and/or functional recovery of the brain after trauma/discuss research into plasticity of the brain including functional recovery (16 marks).
Plasticity (also referred to as neuroplasticity or cortical remapping) is the brain’s tendency to change and adapt, functionally and physically, as a result of experience and new learning, but there is also a natural decline in cognitive functioning with age due to changes in the brain.
Eleanor Maguire et al. (2000) studied the brains of London taxi drivers and found significantly more volume of grey matter in the posterior hippocampus than in a matched control group.
This part of the brain is associated with the development of spatial and navigational skills in humans and other animals.
This shows that the brain can permanently change in response to frequent exposure to a particular task.
A similar finding was observed by Draganski et al, who imaged the brains of medical students 3 months before and after their final exams.
Learning induced changes were seen to have occurred in the posterior hippocampus and the parietal cortex, presumably as a result of the exams.
This shows that plasticity can occur as a result of learning.
Functional recovery is a form of plasticity and it is the brain’s ability to redistribute or transfer functions usually performed by a damaged area(s) to other, undamaged area(s), following damage through trauma.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the brain is the most plastic during infancy, since neural connections are the most plastic then.
This is illustrated by Danielli et al’s case of EB.
EB had an operation when he was 2 and a half years old, where virtually all of his left hemisphere was removed.
Despite this, a follow-up of EB when he was aged 17 compared his language abilities with normal controls and it was found that his right hemisphere had compensated for his left hemisphere and he was functioning well linguistically.
Scans of EB’s brain showed that his brain activity was practically identical to normal controls, showing functional recovery, as EB was able to cortically remap his missing hemisphere.
This shows that if you’re young enough, the brain can alter significantly.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, plasticity can occur at any age.
This is shown by Boyke et al, who found that in 60 year olds taught a new skill of juggling, they had an increase in grey matter in their visual cortex, but the changes were reversed when they stopped practising.
As well as this,
As well as this, Bezzola et al. demonstrated how 40 hours of golf training produced changes in the neural representation of movement in participants who were aged 40 - 60 years old
Discuss what research has shown about plasticity and/or functional recovery of the brain after trauma/discuss research into plasticity of the brain including functional recovery (16 marks).
Plasticity (also referred to as neuroplasticity or cortical remapping) is the brain’s tendency to change and adapt, functionally and physically, as a result of experience and new learning, but there is also a natural decline in cognitive functioning with age due to changes in the brain.
Eleanor Maguire et al. (2000) studied the brains of London taxi drivers and found significantly more volume of grey matter in the posterior hippocampus than in a matched control group.
This part of the brain is associated with the development of spatial and navigational skills in humans and other animals.
This shows that the brain can permanently change in response to frequent exposure to a particular task.
A similar finding was observed by Draganski et al, who imaged the brains of medical students 3 months before and after their final exams.
Learning induced changes were seen to have occurred in the posterior hippocampus and the parietal cortex, presumably as a result of the exams.
This shows that plasticity can occur as a result of learning.
Functional recovery is a form of plasticity and it is the brain’s ability to redistribute or transfer functions usually performed by a damaged area(s) to other, undamaged area(s), following damage through trauma.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the brain is the most plastic during infancy, since neural connections are the most plastic then.
This is illustrated by Danielli et al’s case of EB.
EB had an operation when he was 2 and a half years old, where virtually all of his left hemisphere was removed.
Despite this, a follow-up of EB when he was aged 17 compared his language abilities with normal controls and it was found that his right hemisphere had compensated for his left hemisphere and he was functioning well linguistically.
Scans of EB’s brain showed that his brain activity was practically identical to normal controls, showing functional recovery, as EB was able to cortically remap his missing hemisphere.
This shows that if you’re young enough, the brain can alter significantly.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, plasticity can occur at any age.
This is shown by Boyke et al, who found that in 60 year olds taught a new skill of juggling, they had an increase in grey matter in their visual cortex, but the changes were reversed when they stopped practising.
As well as this, Bezzola et al. demonstrated how 40 hours of golf training produced changes in the neural representation of movement in participants who were aged 40 - 60 years old.
Why does this matter?
This matters because it shows that neural plasticity does continue throughout the lifespan
Discuss what research has shown about plasticity and/or functional recovery of the brain after trauma/discuss research into plasticity of the brain including functional recovery (16 marks).
Plasticity (also referred to as neuroplasticity or cortical remapping) is the brain’s tendency to change and adapt, functionally and physically, as a result of experience and new learning, but there is also a natural decline in cognitive functioning with age due to changes in the brain.
Eleanor Maguire et al. (2000) studied the brains of London taxi drivers and found significantly more volume of grey matter in the posterior hippocampus than in a matched control group.
This part of the brain is associated with the development of spatial and navigational skills in humans and other animals.
This shows that the brain can permanently change in response to frequent exposure to a particular task.
A similar finding was observed by Draganski et al, who imaged the brains of medical students 3 months before and after their final exams.
Learning induced changes were seen to have occurred in the posterior hippocampus and the parietal cortex, presumably as a result of the exams.
This shows that plasticity can occur as a result of learning.
Functional recovery is a form of plasticity and it is the brain’s ability to redistribute or transfer functions usually performed by a damaged area(s) to other, undamaged area(s), following damage through trauma.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the brain is the most plastic during infancy, since neural connections are the most plastic then.
This is illustrated by Danielli et al’s case of EB.
EB had an operation when he was 2 and a half years old, where virtually all of his left hemisphere was removed.
Despite this, a follow-up of EB when he was aged 17 compared his language abilities with normal controls and it was found that his right hemisphere had compensated for his left hemisphere and he was functioning well linguistically.
Scans of EB’s brain showed that his brain activity was practically identical to normal controls, showing functional recovery, as EB was able to cortically remap his missing hemisphere.
This shows that if you’re young enough, the brain can alter significantly.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, plasticity can occur at any age.
This is shown by Boyke et al, who found that in 60 year olds taught a new skill of juggling, they had an increase in grey matter in their visual cortex, but the changes were reversed when they stopped practising.
As well as this, Bezzola et al. demonstrated how 40 hours of golf training produced changes in the neural representation of movement in participants who were aged 40 - 60 years old.
This matters because it shows that neural plasticity does continue throughout the lifespan.
Third AO3 PEEL paragraph
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that a person’s educational attainment influences how well the brain functionally adapts after injury
