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M6 Richard 2019 > 6.3 Composite And Non Metallic > Flashcards

6.3 Composite And Non Metallic Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term composite used to describe

A

Two or more materials that are formed to make a stronger structure than either material by itself

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2
Q

What 2 elements does a basic composite consist of

A
  • Matrix (Adhesives or resin)

- A reinforcing material (Fabric)

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3
Q

What type of form would a matrix normally come in

A

A liquid form

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4
Q

What are the 4 main advantages of composites

A
  • High strength to weight ratio
  • Reduction in parts and fasteners
  • Reduction of wear
  • Corrosion resistance
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5
Q

What are the 2 main disadvantages of composites

A
  • Expensive to repair

- Requires specialist equipment and people to carry out a repair

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6
Q

What are the advantages of nomex

A

High temperature resistance

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7
Q

What is nomex used for

A

Flame proof clothing

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8
Q

What are the 2 main types of fibreglass used

A
  • S glass

- E glass

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9
Q

What properties do S glass and E glass have

A

S glass - Very High tensile strength

E glass - Highly resistant to electricity

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of aramid also known as aromatic polyamide

A
  • Yellow in colour
  • Light weight
  • Excellent tensile strength
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11
Q

If aramid structures get damaged what can be used to repair them

A

Generally fibreglass

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12
Q

What is Kevlar mainly used for

A

Bullet proof vests and radial tyres

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13
Q

What are the main disadvantages of Kevlar

A
  • The fibres absorb moisture

- not great in compression

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14
Q

What happens when Kevlar fibres are exposed to sunlight

A

They will turn from a gold/yellow to brown. Kevlar is very sensitive to sunlight

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15
Q

What are the biggest advantages of carbon fibre

A
  • High strength
  • Low density
  • Low fracture resistance
  • High temp resistance
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16
Q

What are the biggest disadvantages of carbon fibre

A
  • Wears out steel cutting blades

- Requires skilled tooling and personnel to make

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17
Q

What is used between graphite and aluminium to help prevent corrosion

A

A layer of fibreglass

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18
Q

Resins are a type of plastic broken down in to which two categories

A
  • Thermoplastic

- Thermoset

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19
Q

How do thermoplastics work

A

They can be reshaped with the addition of heat

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20
Q

How do thermosets work

A

Once they have been heated and set the shape is permanent. Composites such as carbon fibre are made with thermoset resins

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21
Q

When would epoxy resins be used

A

When bonding metal and composite or two dissimilar materials

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22
Q

What is the purpose of a honeycomb structure

A

Great strength to weight ratio

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23
Q

What can honeycomb constructions be made from

A

Aluminium, Kevlar, carbon, fibreglass, nomex and steel

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24
Q

What are the 4 main ways manufacturers use for dissipating electrical charge on composite components

A
  • Flame spray
  • Bonding jumpers
  • Aluminium wires woven in to the top layer
  • Thin Aluminium foils bonded on the top layer
25
Q

What type of information would be found on the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

A
  • Health precautions
  • Flammability of the material
  • Ventilation requirements
  • Information for health professionals in event of emergency
26
Q

How are plastics made

A
  • Polymarisation
  • Polycondensation
  • Polyaddition
27
Q

How does polymerisation work

A

A chemical reaction carried out in the presence of a catalyst which makes small molecules into a long chain

28
Q

What important polymers are made by polycondensation

A
  • Bakelite
  • Nylon
  • Polyester
29
Q

What important polymers are made by Polyaddition

A
  • Polyurethane

- Epoxies

30
Q

What is the advantage of adhesives

A

Cheap, strong, efficient, corrosion resistant, eliminates the requirement of fasteners

31
Q

What is aerosil

A

Used as a thrixatropic agent in resins to thicken them up

32
Q

Must what happen to solvent adhesives for them to set

A

The solvent must evaporate

33
Q

What are dispersion adhesives used for

A

Wood glue or paste

34
Q

What are film adhesives

A

Come on a roll and are similar to pre preg

35
Q

What are thixotropic agents

A

A thickening agent

36
Q

What are the 2 most common thixotropic agents used

A
  • Aerosil

- Micro balloons

37
Q

When mixing resins how are the ingredients measured

A

By weight, mixing should take 3-5 mins

38
Q

Where would phenolic resins be used

A

In cabins due to their fire resistance

39
Q

What should not be mixed directly together to prevent a fire

A

Catalyst and accelerator. This will have an exothermic reaction

40
Q

When investigating damage on a composite panel what documentation should be used

A

The SRM

41
Q

What are the 3 categories of composite damage when it is initially assessed

A
  • Allowable
  • Repairable
  • Not repairable
42
Q

After the composite panel is initially assessed what would the 2 sub categories be in the SRM when assessing composite damage

A
  • Skin not perforated

- Skin perforated

43
Q

What is the difference between a scratch and a gouge

A

Gouges are deeper and wider than scratches and gouges affect structural strength and scratches don’t

44
Q

What is the principle method for damage detection on a composite panel

A

GVI

45
Q

What is abrasion

A

Scuffs, rubbing or scraping

46
Q

Is carbon fibre electrically conductive

A

Yes

47
Q

Are glass fibres and aramid fibres conductive

A

No

48
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of holography

A

Advantage - Speed of inspection

Disadvantage - Long set up time

49
Q

When are ultrasonics used in NDT

A

Quick and inexpensive assessment of composite parts

50
Q

What is the purpose of radiography

A

Quick and inexpensive examination of composite structures

51
Q

What are the 3 recommended types of repairs for composite structures

A
  • Temporary repairs
  • Permanent cosmetic repairs
  • Permanent structural repairs
52
Q

When prepping composite panels for repair how should the surface protection be removed

A

By mechanical means only, use of chemicals may damage the composite

53
Q

When removing damage from composites how should it be done

A

By one layer at a time (scarfing)

54
Q

What is wet lay up

A

Applying several layers of material impregnated with resin applied straight to the surface

55
Q

What is shelf life

A

How long the product is good for in an unopened container

56
Q

What material is used for vacuum bagging due to its high tensile strength

A

Nylon

57
Q

What is the purpose of peel ply

A

Improves surface finish on a composite repair

58
Q

What is the purpose of a caul plate when carrying out a composite repair

A
  • Evenly distributes temperature
  • Even out pressure over the whole repair
  • To improve the flatness of the surface
59
Q

What is a heater blanket

A

An electrical pad which regulates the temperature of a composite repair

M6 Richard 2019 (10 decks)

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