6.2.5 Organic Synthesis

Question 1

alkane

Answer 1

C-C

Question 2

alkene

Answer 2

C=C

Question 3

haloalkane

Answer 3

C-Cl

Question 4

alcohol

Answer 4

C-OH

Question 5

aldehyde

Answer 5

H-C=O

Question 6

ketone

Answer 6

C-(C=O)-C

Question 7

carboxylic acid

Answer 7

-COOH

Question 8

ester functional group

Answer 8

O=C-O

Question 9

acyl chloride

Answer 9

O=C-Cl

Question 10

amide

Answer 10

O=C-N

Question 11

nitrile

Answer 11

C-C≡N

Question 12

hydroxynitrile

Answer 12

HO-C-C≡N

Question 13

amine

Answer 13

C-NH2
C-NH-C
C-N(C)-C

Question 14

amino acid

Answer 14

NH2 - CH(R) - COOH

Question 15

phenol

Answer 15

⌬-OH

Question 16

alkane + halogen

Answer 16

haloalkane
-requires UV light

Question 17

alkene + H2

Answer 17

alkane
- Nickel catalyst
- 423 K

Question 18

alkene + halogen

Answer 18

haloalkane
- room temp

Question 19

alkene + halogen halide

Answer 19

haloalkane
- room temp

Question 20

alkene + H2O(g)

Answer 20

• alcohol
• H3PO4
• high temp/pressure

Question 21

1° alcohol + [O] (initial)

Answer 21

aldehyde (+H2O)
- K2Cr2O7/H+
- heat and distill

Question 22

1° alcohol + [O] (continued)

Answer 22

carboxylic acid (+H2O)
- K2Cr2O7/H+
- reflux

Question 23

2° alcohol + [O]

Answer 23

ketone
- K2Cr2O7/H+
- reflux

Question 24

alcohol dehydration

Answer 24

alkene
- H3PO4/H2SO4
- reflux

Question 25

alcohol + hydrogen halide

Answer 25

haloalkane
- need sodium halide and H2SO4
- hydrogen halide made in situ
- also make H2O + NaHSO4

Question 26

haloalkane + NaOH(aq)

Answer 26

alcohol (+ hydrogen halide)
- under reflux
- also use water + ethanol solvent

Question 27

aldehyde + [O]

Answer 27

carboxylic acid (+H2O)
- K2Cr2O7/H+
- reflux

Question 28

aldehyde + 2[H]

Answer 28

1° alcohol
- NaBH4
- H2O

Question 29

ketone + 2[H]

Answer 29

2° alcohol
- NaBH4
- H2O

Question 30

aldehyde + HCN

Answer 30

hydroxynitrile
- NaCN(aq)
- H2SO4 (aq)

Question 31

ketone + HCN

Answer 31

hydroxynitrile
- NaCN(aq)
- H2SO4 (aq)

Question 32

carboxylic acid + alcohol

Answer 32

ester (+H2O)
- conc. H2SO4
- warm

Question 33

ester + H2O (acidic)

Answer 33

carboxylic acid + alcohol
- dil. acid (aq)
- reflux

Question 34

ester + H2O

Answer 34

carboxylate + alcohol
- OH-(aq)
- reflux

Question 35

carboxylic acid + SOCl2

Answer 35

acyl chloride
- + SO2 + HCl, gases exit

Question 36

acyl chloride + alcohol

Answer 36

ester (+ HCl)

Question 37

acyl chloride + H2O

Answer 37

carboxylic acid (+HCl(g))

Question 38

acyl chloride + 2NH3

Answer 38

1° amide
- + NH4Cl

Question 39

acyl chloride + 1° amine

Answer 39

2° amide
- acyl ammonium chloride salt

Question 40

haloalkane + ammonia

Answer 40

amine
- ethanol solvent
- excess ammonia

Question 41

haloalkane + CN-

Answer 41

nitrile
- ethanol
- + salt

Question 42

nitrile + H2

Answer 42

amine
- Ni catalyst

Question 43

hydroxynitrile + H2

Answer 43

amine
- Ni catalyst

Question 44

nitrile/hydroxynitrile + H2O + HCl

Answer 44

carboxylic acid
- heat
- + ammonium salt