6.2.4 Carbon-carbon Bond Formation Flashcards
1
Q
How to prepare a nitrile from a haloalkane
A
Add sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide in ethanol (nucleophilic substitution)
2
Q
How to prepare a nitrile form an aldehyde and ketone
A
Add NaCN/H2SO4, forms hydroxynitrile (HCN is too poisonous)
(Nucleophilic addition)
3
Q
How to reduce a nitrile
A
Add hydrogen and nickel catalyst, amine formed
4
Q
How to hydrolyse a nitrile
A
Heat with dilute aqueous acid, form carboxylic acid
5
Q
How to undergo alkylation
A
In presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst, aluminium chloride, and haloalkane, alkylbenzene formed
6
Q
How to undergo acylation
A
In presence of Friedel-Crafts catalyst, aluminium chloride, and an acyl chloride, ketone formed
