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ComBank > 6.23.16 Block 1 > Flashcards

6.23.16 Block 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Aortic regurg: ssx

A
  • dyspnea
  • weak
  • hypotension
  • widened pulse pressure
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2
Q

CASE: 56yo F –> weak & dizzy for 5 days –> SOB, 154/52 BP –> what murmur?

A

AR

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3
Q

AR: goal of tx? why?

A

reduce afterload: decrease myocardial wall stress –> optimize LV fx

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4
Q

what drugs are afterload reducers?

A
  • hydralazine

- ACEI

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5
Q

Rhus dermatitis: what type of rxn?

A

delayed type IV HSN

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6
Q

poison ivy: what type of rxn?

A

delayed type IV HSN

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7
Q

poison ivy: leads to?

A

Rhus dermatitis

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8
Q

trt rib exhalation SD: mnemonic

A

I woke up at 1AM 2P bc bw 3-5PM I had 6-9 Sam Adams and Laid Down bw 10-12

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9
Q

CASE: respiration –> rib moves up but not down –> dx?

A

inhalation SD, exhalation restriction, locked up

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10
Q

where is the key rib in a inhalation SD?

A

inferior rib

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11
Q

pyelonephritis: first line tx

A

fluoroquinolone + TMP/SMX

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12
Q

pyelonephritis: 2nd line tx

A

amoxicillin-clavulanate for preg & children

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13
Q

what is: flutamide

A

antiandrogen

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14
Q

flutamide: MOA

A

inh androgen axn at testosterone receptor

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15
Q

flutamide: use

A

androgen deprivation in adv prostate CA

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16
Q

advanced prostate cancer: tx

A

flutamide

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17
Q

DHT: effect on prostate

A

develop & enlarge

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18
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia: tx

A

finasteride

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19
Q

danazol: what is? MOA?

A

andogren –> suppress mid-cycle surge of FSH & LH –> reduce estrogen production from ovary

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20
Q

what is: clomiphene

A

infertility drug to induce ovulation

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21
Q

anastrazole: MOA

A

inh aromatase –> androgen cannot convert to estrogen

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22
Q

anastrazole: use

A

adv hormone receptor+ breast CA –> esp those resistant to tamoxifen

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23
Q

Schilling test: use

A

confirm that IF def is causing cobalamin def

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24
Q

B12 def: ssx

A
  • UMN signs

- proprioceptive changes

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25
osteophytes: seen in OA or RA?
OA
26
RA: useful lab tests? results?
- RF - CRP - ESR all elevated
27
OA: affects what bones?
wtbearing joints --> knee, hip, cervical, lumbosacral, feet
28
OA: classic presentation
- wtbearing joints --> pain after use, improve w rest | - morning stiff 50yo
29
OA: is it inflamm or non-inflamm?
non-inflamm ==> normal acute phase reactants
30
UE: sensory dermatomes
``` C5: lat elbow C6: thumb C7: middle C8: pinky T1: med elbow ```
31
LE: sensory dermatomes
``` L2: medial thigh L3: med knee L4: med malleolus L5: dorsum of foot S1: lat malleolus ```
32
UE reflexes: nerve roots
biceps: C5 brachioradialis: C6 triceps: C7
33
Wiskott-Aldrich synd: triad
- thrombocytopenia - eczema - recurrent infect
34
Wiskott-Aldrich synd: describe
XR --> decrease T & B cells --> decrease IgM
35
CASE: 10mo white M --> otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia --> dry skin, petechiae, prolonged bleeding --> dx?
Wiskott-Aldrich
36
Finkelstein's test: what is a positive test?
thumb in fist --> ulnar deviate --> pain in distal radisu
37
+Finkelstein's test: indicates?
De Quervains' tenosynovitis - inflamm of tendons of thumb
38
what are the tendons of the 1st finger?
SEX LAP: - long abductor pollicis - short extensor pollicis
39
what increases the effectiveness of local anes?
- low intracell pH | - high extracell pH
40
carcinoid synd: tx
octreotide
41
what is: octreotide
somatostatin analog
42
carcinoid synd --> at risk for what vit def? why?
niacin - carcinoid --> use tryptophan --> produce excess serotonin - all tryptophan used up --> can't make niacin
43
tryptophan: precursor to?
- serotonin | - niacin
44
carcinoid synd: leads to what heart disorder? why?
R valve defect: serotonin stenose tricuspid valve
45
what are C fibers?
paleospinothalamic tract: slow, poorly localized pain
46
what are A fibers?
neospinothalamic tract: fast, well localized pain
47
what are the 2 fxal cmpts to pain sensation?
1) paleospinothalamic: ache, diffuse/poorly localized pain | 2) neospinothalamic: well localized
48
what is the most common ankle sprain?
ant talofibular lig
49
ant talofibular lig: insertions
lat malleolus --> neck of talus
50
what is: cataplexy
strong emotional stimulus --> brief episode of bilat weak without LOC
51
cataplexy seen in what disorder?
narcolepsy
52
CASE: drink lots of alcohol --> acute abd pain, discolored urine --> dx?
acute intermittent porphyria
53
what increases heme syn?
- alcohol - barbiturate - OCP
54
what is the most restful & replenishing stage of sleep?
stage 3
55
why do infants require large amounts of sleep?
stage 3 --> largest amt of growth hormone released at this time
56
LDL receptor binding to chylomicrons involves what Apo?
B48, E
57
CASE: M infant --> vomit, abd pain, bloody stool --> dx?
intussusception
58
what is most common cause of intestinal obstruction in infants?
intussusception
59
intussusception: classic triad
- vomit - abd pain - currant jelly stool
60
what is most common cause of intestinal obstruction by pop?
>2mo: midgut volvulus 6-36mo: intussusception M --> middle age-elderly: sigmoid volvulus
61
growth hormone def: effects
- altered lipid metab --> increase subQ visceral fat - decrease muscle mass - decrease bone density - low exercise performance - reduced QOL
62
growth hormone def: signs
- decrease gluconeogenesis --> hypoglycemia - loss of muscle mass - osteopenia, osteoporosis
63
what N provides sensation to ant tongue?
lingual N
64
CN V3: sensory to?
- ant tongue - mandibular teeth - lower face
65
what N provides taste to ant tongue?
chorda tympani
66
what is the confirmatory lab test for preg?
B-hCG
67
what produces B-hCG?
- initially: developing embryo | - after implantation: syncytiotrophoblast

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