6.2.1 - CLONING + BIOTECHNOLOGY Flashcards
What is cloning?
Cloning is the process of creating a genetically identical copy of an organism or a cell.
True or False: Cloning can only be done with animals.
False.
What is the primary purpose of therapeutic cloning?
The primary purpose of therapeutic cloning is to produce stem cells for medical treatment.
Fill in the blank: The first cloned mammal was _______.
Dolly the sheep.
What is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)?
SCNT is a cloning technique where the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred into an enucleated egg cell.
What are the ethical concerns associated with cloning?
Ethical concerns include the potential for exploitation, genetic diversity loss, and issues related to consent.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of cloning? A) Reproductive cloning B) Therapeutic cloning C) Genetic cloning D) Molecular cloning
C) Genetic cloning.
What is the role of stem cells in biotechnology?
Stem cells can differentiate into various cell types and are used in regenerative medicine and research.
True or False: Cloned organisms are always identical in behavior and traits.
False.
What is a genetically modified organism (GMO)?
A GMO is an organism whose genome has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.
Fill in the blank: The process of inserting a gene into a plant or animal to modify its traits is known as _______.
genetic engineering.
What are plasmids used for in biotechnology?
Plasmids are used as vectors to transfer genetic material into host cells.
Multiple Choice: Which method is commonly used for gene editing? A) CRISPR B) PCR C) Gel electrophoresis D) Cloning
A) CRISPR.
What is the significance of the Human Genome Project?
The Human Genome Project aimed to map all the genes in the human genome, advancing genetic research.
True or False: Bioremediation utilizes living organisms to clean up contaminated environments.
True.
What is the purpose of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
PCR is used to amplify small segments of DNA for analysis.
Fill in the blank: The term _______ refers to the use of organisms to produce products, often in industrial contexts.
biotechnology.
What is gene therapy?
Gene therapy is a technique that modifies or replaces faulty genes to treat diseases.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a potential application of cloning? A) Producing insulin B) Creating a genetically identical animal C) Both A and B D) None of the above
C) Both A and B.
What are the main stages of somatic cell nuclear transfer?
The main stages are enucleation, nuclear transfer, and activation of the egg cell.
True or False: Cloning technology can be used to preserve endangered species.
True.
What is a transgenic organism?
A transgenic organism is one that has been genetically modified to contain a gene from another species.
Fill in the blank: _______ are often used in genetic engineering to cut DNA at specific sequences.
Restriction enzymes.
What are the potential benefits of cloning in agriculture?
Cloning can produce high-yield and disease-resistant crops.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following technologies is NOT used in biotechnology? A) Fermentation B) Genetic mapping C) Traditional breeding D) None of the above
D) None of the above.
What is the main ethical issue related to human cloning?
The main ethical issue is the moral status of the cloned human and implications for identity.
True or False: All cloned animals are healthy.
False.
What is the function of a vector in genetic engineering?
A vector transfers genetic material into a host organism.
Fill in the blank: _______ cloning is used to create copies of entire organisms.
Reproductive.
What is a common use of genetically modified bacteria?
Genetically modified bacteria are commonly used to produce insulin.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a benefit of biotechnology? A) Improved crop yield B) Increased biodiversity C) Disease resistance D) Production of pharmaceuticals
B) Increased biodiversity.
What are the risks associated with GMOs?
Risks include environmental impact, potential health risks, and loss of biodiversity.
True or False: Cloning can be used to create organs for transplantation.
True.
What is the role of DNA ligase in genetic engineering?
DNA ligase joins DNA fragments together.
Fill in the blank: The study of the complete set of proteins produced by an organism is called _______.
proteomics.
What is the purpose of using model organisms in biotechnology?
Model organisms are used to study biological processes that can be applied to humans.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a method of cloning? A) Cell fusion B) Gene therapy C) Somatic cell nuclear transfer D) All of the above
C) Somatic cell nuclear transfer.
What is the difference between reproductive and therapeutic cloning?
Reproductive cloning creates a new organism, while therapeutic cloning produces cells for treatment.
True or False: CRISPR technology can be used to edit genomes.
True.
What is the significance of gene editing in medicine?
Gene editing can potentially cure genetic disorders by correcting mutations.
Fill in the blank: _______ is the process of selecting plants or animals with desirable traits for breeding.
Selective breeding.
What are the benefits of using stem cells in research?
Stem cells can provide insights into development and disease and have potential for regenerative therapies.
Multiple Choice: Which enzyme is essential for DNA replication? A) DNA polymerase B) RNA polymerase C) Ligase D) Helicase
A) DNA polymerase.
True or False: Biotechnology can contribute to sustainable agriculture.
True.
What are the potential uses of cloning in medicine?
Cloning can be used for organ transplantation, producing tissues, and studying diseases.
Fill in the blank: The process of creating multiple identical copies of a DNA sequence is called _______.
amplification.
What is the main goal of synthetic biology?
The main goal of synthetic biology is to design and construct new biological parts and systems.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a concern regarding GMOs? A) Food safety B) Health effects C) Environmental impact D) All of the above
D) All of the above.
True or False: Cloning can help in the study of developmental biology.
True.
What is a bioreactor?
A bioreactor is a vessel that provides a controlled environment for biochemical reactions, often used in fermentation.
Fill in the blank: _______ is the term for the manipulation of an organism’s genome using biotechnology.
Genetic modification.
What is the role of bioinformatics in biotechnology?
Bioinformatics uses software tools to analyze biological data, especially in genomics and proteomics.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of stem cells? A) They can differentiate into various cell types B) They are limited to one cell type C) They cannot divide D) They are always embryonic
A) They can differentiate into various cell types.
True or False: Genetic modification can increase crop resistance to pests.
True.
What is the purpose of using CRISPR-Cas9 technology?
CRISPR-Cas9 is used for precise genome editing, allowing specific modifications to DNA.
Fill in the blank: _______ cloning is used to create specific tissues or cells for therapeutic purposes.
Therapeutic.
What are the potential challenges of cloning endangered species?
Challenges include genetic diversity issues and the need for suitable surrogate mothers.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes biotechnology? A) The use of living systems to develop products B) The study of plant biology C) The practice of traditional agriculture D) None of the above
A) The use of living systems to develop products.
True or False: Cloning can be used for agricultural purposes.
True.
What is the importance of ethical guidelines in biotechnology?
Ethical guidelines ensure responsible research practices and address moral concerns related to biotechnological advances.
Fill in the blank: _______ is the term for the introduction of foreign DNA into an organism’s genome.
Transfection.
What is the impact of biotechnology on food production?
Biotechnology can enhance food security by increasing crop yields and resistance to diseases.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a method to produce genetically modified crops? A) Hybridization B) Gene editing C) Cloning D) All of the above
B) Gene editing.
True or False: The use of biotechnology is limited to agriculture.
False.
What is the purpose of using DNA sequencing?
DNA sequencing determines the exact sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.
Fill in the blank: _______ technology allows scientists to edit genes with high precision.
CRISPR.
What is the role of genetic counseling in biotechnology?
Genetic counseling provides information and support to individuals about genetic conditions and testing.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a potential application of biotechnology? A) Developing new drugs B) Creating biofuels C) Cloning extinct species D) All are applications
D) All are applications.
True or False: Biotechnology can help in the field of renewable energy.
True.
What is the function of a biosensor?
A biosensor detects biological changes and converts them into measurable signals.
Fill in the blank: _______ is the study of organisms at the molecular level, including their genes and proteins.
Molecular biology.
What is the impact of biotechnology on healthcare?
Biotechnology has led to advancements in diagnostics, treatments, and personalized medicine.
