5.2.2 - RESPIRATION Flashcards
What is the primary purpose of respiration in living organisms?
To convert glucose into usable energy (ATP).
True or False: Aerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen.
False
What are the two main types of respiration?
Aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down glucose to produce ATP is known as ______.
cellular respiration
What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
What is produced during anaerobic respiration in yeast?
Ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Which organelle is primarily involved in aerobic respiration?
Mitochondria.
What is the role of NADH in cellular respiration?
It acts as an electron carrier.
True or False: Anaerobic respiration produces more ATP than aerobic respiration.
False
What is the end product of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?
Lactic acid.
What is the main advantage of aerobic respiration over anaerobic respiration?
It produces more ATP.
What is the first stage of aerobic respiration?
Glycolysis.
In which part of the cell does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm.
Fill in the blank: The Krebs cycle occurs in the ______.
mitochondrial matrix
What is the main purpose of the Krebs cycle?
To produce electron carriers (NADH and FADH2).
What molecule is produced as a waste product in aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide.
True or False: Oxygen is required for the Krebs cycle to occur.
False
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
Oxygen.
What process occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane?
Electron transport chain.
Fill in the blank: ATP synthase is an enzyme that synthesizes ______.
ATP
What is produced during the electron transport chain?
ATP and water.
What is the net gain of ATP from glycolysis?
2 ATP.
How many ATP molecules are produced during one turn of the Krebs cycle?
1 ATP directly (but produces NADH and FADH2 which generate more ATP).
True or False: Anaerobic respiration is less efficient than aerobic respiration.
True
What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?
To act as the final electron acceptor.
What type of fermentation occurs in muscle cells?
Lactic acid fermentation.
Fill in the blank: The process by which glucose is converted to pyruvate is known as ______.
glycolysis
What is the main product of alcoholic fermentation?
Ethanol.
What happens to pyruvate in the presence of oxygen?
It enters the Krebs cycle.
What is the main disadvantage of anaerobic respiration?
It produces less ATP and can lead to lactic acid buildup.
True or False: All cells can perform anaerobic respiration.
False
What is the role of coenzyme A in cellular respiration?
To transport acetyl groups to the Krebs cycle.
What is the total ATP yield from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration?
Approximately 30-32 ATP.
Fill in the blank: The process of generating ATP using the energy from electrons is called ______.
oxidative phosphorylation
What is the significance of the proton gradient in the electron transport chain?
It drives ATP synthesis.
What is the intermediate molecule formed from glucose during glycolysis?
Pyruvate.
True or False: The Krebs cycle occurs twice for each glucose molecule that is metabolized.
True
What are the two types of anaerobic respiration?
Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
What is the fate of NADH produced in glycolysis?
It is used in the electron transport chain or converted back to NAD+ during fermentation.
Fill in the blank: The total number of ATP produced from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle is ______.
4 ATP (net) plus ATP from electron transport chain.
What does the term ‘substrate-level phosphorylation’ refer to?
The direct synthesis of ATP from ADP and a phosphate group.
What is the main advantage of aerobic respiration?
Higher ATP yield compared to anaerobic respiration.
True or False: Lactic acid fermentation produces carbon dioxide.
False
What is the primary energy currency of the cell?
ATP.
What are teh 4 stages in aerobic respiration?
- Glycolysis
- Link reaction
- Krebs cycle
- Oxidative phosphorylation
Describe the process of Glycolysis
- Splits one glucose molecule (6C) into two pyruvate molecules (3C)
- Occurs in cytoplasm
- Glucose phosphorylated by adding g 2 phosphate from 2 ATP molecules
- Creates 1 hexose bisphosphate molecule + 2 ADP molecules
- Bisphsopate split into 2 triose phosphate molecules (TP)
- TP is oxidised (loses hydrogen) + forms 2 pyruvate molecules
- nAD collects hydrogen, forming 2 reduced NAD
- 4 ATP are produced, but 2 used up earlier so net gain = 2 ATP
