6.2.1 Animal Cloning

Question 1

Embryo twinning?

Answer 1

A fertilised embryo is divided into multiple single cells and implanted into surrogate mothers to create genetically identical offspring

Question 2

1st step of embryo twinning?

Answer 2

Mother and father are artificially selected for beneficial qualities and gender

Question 3

2nd step of ET?

Answer 3

The fertilised egg divides by mitosis to create an embryo, which is divided into single cells and allowed to divide again

Question 4

3rd step of ET?

Answer 4

New embryos are implanted into surrogate mothers, who give birth to genetically identical offspring

Question 5

Risks of embryo twinning?

Answer 5

Involves risk of genetic disease

Question 6

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)?

Answer 6

The nucleus of a body cell is combined with an enucleated egg cell; only takes genes from desired animal

Question 7

1st step of SCNT?

Answer 7

A donor (egg) organism is given hormones to induce superovulation, and eggs are extracted; the eggs are then enucleated

Question 8

2nd step of SCNT?

Answer 8

A diploid body cell from the desired animal is ennucleated

Question 9

3rd step of SCNT?

Answer 9

The nucleus of the body cell and enucleated egg cell are combined using electrofusion

Question 10

4th step of SCNT?

Answer 10

Fertilised egg cell is implanted into a surrogate mother; gives birth to a clone of original body cell owner