6.1.3 Manipulating Genomes, Applications + Humans

Question 1

Intron

Answer 1

Part of DNA that does not code for a specific amino acid

Question 2

Gene

Answer 2

A section of genetic code that codes for an amino acid

Question 3

Locus

Answer 3

Position on a chromosome where a particular allele is found

Question 4

Human Genome Project (HGP)?

Answer 4

Sequence all 3billion base pairs of human DNA; identify all genes; faster sequencing methods

Question 5

… of your DNA codes for an amino acid

Answer 5

2%

Question 6

Comparisons within + between species (app)

Answer 6

Same genes but different alleles; SNPs; can be used to determine parentage, ancestry tests;working genes conserved between species

Question 7

SNPs?

Answer 7

Single nucleotide polymorphism; random mutations in base sequence that result in differences in alleles

Question 8

Determine evolutionary relationship (app)

Answer 8

All organisms share a common ancestor, genes can tell us closeness of relationships; bones + teeth of extinct animals can be sequences; species that evolve from one another are genetically similar

Question 9

Predicting amino acid sequences (app)

Answer 9

Using sequences genomes to predict amino acid sequences + primary protein structure; cytochrome C is an important protein involved in respiration that exists in most organisms; amino acid sequence in the CC can be used to predict the shape, and so how closely related organisms are

Question 10

Synthetic biology (app)

Answer 10

Ability to sequence the genome of organisms and understand how each sequence is translated into DNA; genetic engineering, altering genetic makeup; use of bio systems in industry; synthesis of new genes to replace faulty ones; synthesis new organisms; synthetic expansion of the genetic code