6.2 Role of chromosomes and DNA Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

a thread-like structure composed of DNA and proteins

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2
Q

What are chromosomes composed of?

A

DNA and protein (histones)

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3
Q

What is DNA and what does it stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contains four bases which form the major parts of the chromosome and containes coded genetic instructions

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4
Q

What are the 4 bases?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

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5
Q

What is a nucleosome?

A

A section of supercoiled DNA around
histones
when combined with other nucleosomes, it forms tightly compact DNA

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6
Q

What is a chromatin?

A

mass of genetic material composed of DNA and histones that condense to form chromosomes

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7
Q

What is the difference in shape of chromosomes between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic has linear while prokaryotic have circular

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8
Q

Why is DNA in prokaryotic cells less condensed?

A

They do not contain histones in the supercoiling process

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9
Q

What happens if DNA is not packaged properly?

A

-Will not physically fit in cell, loss of genetic info
-Cell will not be able to distribute DNA during cell division so daughter cells will not recieve correct genetic info

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10
Q

Why is it good to condense DNA?

A

It allows a lot of genetic info to be stored in the cell

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