6.2 gas exchange in single-celled organisms & insects Flashcards

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1
Q

explain how single-cell organisms carry out gas exchange.

A

oxygen is absorbed by diffusion through cell-surface membrane as they have a large SA:V ratio

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2
Q

what is the disadvantage for the high surface area in insects?

A

faster water evaporation

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3
Q

what internal network is used for gas exchange in insects?

A

trachae

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4
Q

what features does the exchange system in insects have? how does it benefit?

A
  • supported by strengthened rings to prevent collapsing
  • divides into smaller tracheoles
    therefore atmoshperic air is brought to respiring tissues through a short diffusion pathway
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5
Q

how does respiratory gases move in through a diffusion gradient in insects?

A
  • oxygen concentration (used up during respiration) decreases towards ends of tracheoles
  • lower diffusion gradient causes oxygen to diffuse from atmosphere to cells
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6
Q

how does respiratory gases move in through mass transport?

A

abdominal pumping squeezes trachea and enable mass movement of air in & out

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7
Q

how does respiratory gases move in using fluids at the ends of tracheoles?

A
  • muscle cells carry out anaerobic respiration during major activity, which produces lactase
  • this lowers the water potential and therefore water moves to muscle cells through osmosis
  • the lower volume of water draws air into them
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8
Q

explain how gases enter and leave the cell in insects.

A

through spiracles;
open for gas exchange & closed to prevent water loss

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