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Chemistry 2 > 62-65 - Acids and Alkalis and Salt > Flashcards

62-65 - Acids and Alkalis and Salt Flashcards

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1
Q

What is universal indicator?

A

A dye which changes colour depending on a substance’s pH

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2
Q

What is a base?

A

A substance with a pH over 7

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3
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A base that dissolves in water

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4
Q

What makes a solution acidic?

A

Acids forming H+ ions

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5
Q

What makes a solution alkaline?

A

OH- ions from bases

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6
Q

What is the neutralisation reaction?

A

Acid + base -> salt + water

H+ + OH- -> H2O

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7
Q

What do acids and metals react to produce?

A

Acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen

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8
Q

How can hydrochloride acid be used to identify metals?

A

More reactive metals pop loudly

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9
Q

Why doesn’t copper react with dilute acids?

A

It is less reactive than hydrogen

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10
Q

What salt does hydrochloride acid produce?

A

Chloride

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11
Q

What salt does sulfuric acid produce?

A

Sulfate

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12
Q

How is the name of a salt determined?

A

Metal - acid

e.g. magnesium chloride

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13
Q

Are metal oxides/hydroxides acids or bases?

A

Bases

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14
Q

What do metal oxides or hdroxides give when reacting with acid?

A

Acid + metal oxide -> Salt + water

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15
Q

Why might ammonia be neutralised?

A

For fertiliser

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16
Q

What is often used to neutralise ammonia?

A

Nitric acid

17
Q

What is the symbol equation for the neutralisation of ammonia?

A

NH3 + HNO3 -> NH4NO3

18
Q

Which salts are usually soluble?

A

Chlorides, sulfates, nitrates

19
Q

Which salts are usually insoluble?

A

Oxides, hydroxides

20
Q

What two methods are there of making soluble salts?

A

With acid and metal/insoluble base

With an alkali

21
Q

What is crystallisation?

A

Letting a solution containing salt slowly evaporate

22
Q

What does it mean when salt forms at the bottom of a solution?

A

It has been neutralised

23
Q

How do you separate salt from a solution?

A

Filter out metal

Evaporate water

Let it crystallise

24
Q

How do you make an insoluble salt?

A

Precipitation reaction

25
Q

Explain the precipitation reaction method

A

Choose two solutions with the ions needed to separate salt compound

Filter out and wash the solid

26
Q

How do you make a soluble salt with an alkali?

A

Use indicator to show when the right amount of alkali has been added

Can’t use more than is necessary to neutralise

Repeat without indicator

27
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

Insoluble salt

Can be filtered

Chemistry 2 (12 decks)

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