61.cerebrovascular disease. Ischemic disturbances of cerebral blood flow: asymptomatic and transient / 62 Cerebral infarcts. Flashcards
what re the most common causes for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases ?
thrombosis of a ruptured atherosclerotic plaque , or inflammation of the vessel
arterial embolism -due to heart disease , coagulopathy - virchow triad
phlebothrombosis
cerebral microangiopathy
dissection of carotid internal
haemorrhage
systemic hypoperfusion
according to guidelines of acute therapy of transient ischemic attack is
asymptomatic after 1 hour
different from stroke because even though it has stroke like symptoms t is resolved within 24 hours
causes of transient ischemic attack
microembolisms from atheromatous plaques
carotid artery
vertebral artery
strokes can be classified into two major categories what are they ?
ischemic and hemorrhagc
what are the risk factors for stroke ?
elderly hypertension diabetes high cholesterol atrial fib vasculitis cigarette smoking
what are the two types of haemorrhages ?
intraxial - inside the brain
extraxial - inside the skull but outside the brain
what is interracial haemorrhages due to ?
parenhymal or ventricular hemorrhages
what are the main types of extraxial haemorrhages ?
epidural heamtoma - bleeding between the dura mater and the skull
subdural hematoma - in the subdural space
subarachnoidal hemorrhages - between the arachnoid and pia mater
how do the stroke symptoms start ?
suddenly over seconds to minutes and in most cases do not progress any further
usually symptoms affect one side of the body - unilateral
and the side of the body affected is contralateral to the side of the brain affected
what are the symptoms of stroke ?
depends on if it contains the three prominent CNSpathways - spinothalamic tract , corticospinal tract , dorsal column
hemiplegia and muscle weakness of face
numbness
initial hypotonic then replaced by spasticity - hypertonic and hypereflexia
