6.1.2 Patterns of Inheritance

Question 1

inheritance

Answer 1

the passing on of characteristics through successive generations

Question 2

chromosome

Answer 2

a thread-like structure in the nucleus visible at cell division

Question 3

gene

Answer 3

a section of DNA nucleotide that codes for an amino acid sequence

Question 4

allele

Answer 4

alternative forms of a gene occupying the same place on a chromosome and affecting the same characteristic but in a different way

Question 5

homologous

Answer 5

corresponding chromosomes inherited from separate parents

Question 6

diploid

Answer 6

the number of chromosomes, from somatic cells, made up of homologous pairs

Question 7

haploid

Answer 7

a single set of chromosomes consisting of one chromosome from each pair of homologous chromosomes

Question 8

homozygous

Answer 8

the condition where a pair of identical alleles occurs in the same cell

Question 9

explain the term genetic bottleneck

Answer 9

when a population shrinks and then increases again usually caused by a natural disaster or excessive hunting
as the population expands again, it’s less genetically diverse than it was before.

Question 10

explain the term founder effect

Answer 10

when a small sample of the original population is established in a new area
its gene pool is not as diverse as that of the parent population