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Chemistry > 6.1.2 - Carbonyls > Flashcards

6.1.2 - Carbonyls Flashcards

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1
Q

Solubility of aldehydes and ketones

A
  • soluble in water
  • because they form hydrogen bonds with water via lone pair on O and delta + region on H
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2
Q

Type of intermolecular forces between aldehydes and ketones

A

London forces

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3
Q

Type of reaction aldehyde/ketone -> alcohol

A

nucleophilic addition, NaBH4 provides H:- nucleophile

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4
Q

Product of nucleophilic addition with :CN- nucleophile: alkene + NaCN

A

produces a hydroxynitrile

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5
Q

Test for carbonyl

A

add 2,4-DNP
positive: Red/orange/yellow precipitate formed

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6
Q

How can 2,4-DNP be used to find melting points of carbonyls?

A
  • above test and result
  • purify solid by recrystallisation
  • compare melting point of pure crystals formed with melting points of all common aldehydes and ketones
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7
Q

Test to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones

A
  • add Tollen’s reagent
  • aldehyde: silver mirror
  • ketones: colourless
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Chemistry (7 decks)

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