6.1.2 - Carbonyl Compounds Flashcards
What is the carbonyl group?
C=O
What is the functional group
and general formula for an
aldehyde?
RCHO (C double bonded to O, single bond to H
and R)
What is the functional group
for a ketone?
RCOR’ (C double bonded to O)
How do you name
aldehydes?
-al suffix (C=O is on the end of a chain)
How do you name ketones?
-one suffix (designate number for which
carbon C=O is on)
What kind of intermolecular
forces do molecules with the
carbonyl group have? Why?
Permanent dipole-dipole due to the polar C=O
bond (O is ∂-)
How soluble are carbonyls in
water? What influences
solubility?
Yes - form hydrogen bonds between water
molecules and oxygen of C=O. As C chain length
increases, solubility decreases.
Which bond in carbonyl
compounds is usually
involved in reactions? Why?
C=O, due to the polarity of the bond (large
difference in electronegativity between C and O)
What is the strongest bond
in carbonyl compounds?
C=O
Why is the addition of HCN
important?
Increases the length of the carbon chain by one
carbon atom allowing more useful molecules to
be made.
Will the product of HCN
added to a carbonyl
compound have optical
isomers? Why?
Yes they will. In the aldehyde/ketone, the
carbonyl carbon is planar, so the :CN-
can attack
from either above or below, forming two
enantiomers.
What is the name of the
product when HCN is added
to a carbonyl compound?
Hydroxynitriles (have OH and CN groups)
What is Fehling’s solution?
What colour is it?
Copper complex ions, blue
What happens when an
aldehyde is added to
Fehling’s solution?
Reduced to Cu+
ions → colour change to
brick red ppt
What happens when a
ketone is added to Fehling’s
solution?
No visible change → stays blue
