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Chem Everything > 6.1 Intro to Organic 1 > Flashcards

6.1 Intro to Organic 1 Flashcards

Fomulae of compounds, homologous series, functional groups, nomenclature, structural isomerism and sterioisomerism

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1
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

Molecule only contains hydrogen and carbons

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2
Q

Define homologous series

A
  • same general formula
  • SIMILAR CHEMICAL properties
  • TREND in PHYSICAL properties
  • same functional groups
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3
Q

Define functional group

A

The group of the molecule that determines which group the molecule is a member of and its physical and chemical properties

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4
Q

What does saturated mean?

A

Organic compounds which only contain single bonds

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5
Q

What are unsaturated compounds?

A

Organic compounds that contain at least one carbon carbon double covalent bond

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6
Q

Define structural isomerism

A

When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

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7
Q

What are the 3 ways in which structural isomers can be formed?

A
  1. Alkyl groups can be in different places
  2. Functional groups can be bonded to different parts
  3. There can be different functional groups
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8
Q

What are stereoisomers?

A

Organic compounds with the same molecular formula but have different arrangement of atoms in space

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9
Q

What is E-Z isomerism and how are E and Z isomers differentiated?

A

E-Z isomerism is caused by the limited rotation about C=C
double bonds. If the two substituents with the highest molecular mass are on the same side of the double bond, it is the Z (zusammen) isomer [zame zide].
If they are on different sides, it is the E (entgegen) isomer

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10
Q

What is Cis-trans isomerism?

A

Special type of E/Z isomerism where the two substituents on each carbon atom are the same

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11
Q

What is the general formula of alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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12
Q

What is the structural formula of propane?

A

CH3CH2CH3

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13
Q

What is the molecular formula of propane?

A

C3H8

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14
Q

What is the suffix for alkenes?

A

-ene

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15
Q

What is the suffix for alkanes?

A

-ane

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16
Q

What is the suffix for halogenoalkanes?

A

(halogen) …-ane

17
Q

What are the prefix & suffix for alcohols?

A

hydroxy- , -ol

18
Q

What is the suffix for aldehydes?

A

-al

19
Q

What are the prefix & suffix for ketones?

A

oxo- , -one

20
Q

What is the suffix for carboxylic acids?

A

-oic acid

21
Q

What is the suffix for nitriles?

A

-nitrile

22
Q

What are the prefix & suffix for amines?

A

amino- , -amine

23
Q

What is the suffix for acyl chlorides?

A

-oyl chloride

24
Q

What is the suffix for acid anhydride?

A

-oic anhydride

25
Q

What is the suffix for esters?

A

-oate

26
Q

What is the suffix for amides?

A

-amides

27
Q

What is an addition reaction?

A

Where two or more molecules combine to give a single product with no other products.

28
Q

What is a substitution reaction?

A

A reaction that involves replacing an atom or group of atoms with another.

29
Q

What is an elimination reaction?

A

Where a small molecule like H2O or HCl is removed from the molecule.

30
Q

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

A

Where a compound is broken down by water.
Can also refer to the breakdown of a substance by dilute acids or alkalis.

31
Q

What is a condensation reaction?

A

Where two organic molecules join together and in the process eliminate small molecules like H2O or HCl.

32
Q

What is an oxidation reaction?

A

A reaction where an oxygen is added, electrons are removed or the oxidation number of a substance increased.

33
Q

What can we use as an oxygen from the oxidising agent in the redox reaction?

A

a [O]

34
Q

What can we use as a hydrogen from the reducing agent in the redox reaction?

A

a [H]

35
Q

What is chain isomerism?

A

Same molecular formula, but a different carbon chain length.

36
Q

What is positional isomerism?

A

When the functional group is located on different carbons.

37
Q

What qualities make geometric isomers different from each other?

A

They have different chemical and physical properties to each other

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